批判性思考與語文教學

Critical Thinking on Language Instruction

張玉燕(Yu-Yen Chang)

《課程與教學》 7卷2期 (2004/04) Pp. 41-55+187

https://doi.org/10.6384/CIQ.200404.0041

摘要

有些學者從「要素」觀點探探討批判性思考，認為探討批判性思考應包括「思考技巧」（即能力技巧、過程和運作）以及監控、使用和控制思考技巧的能力。也有人認為批判性思考應該包下列三個範疇：（1）界定和澄清問題（2）判斷與問題相關的資訊（3）解決問題或下結論。本文作者嘗試從這些觀點，來探討如何透過語文教學增進批判思考能力。研究結果顯示，在閱讀、說話和寫作過程中，運用一些語文教學策略，如教導學生觀察掌握事物的邏輯關係和寫作邏輯思考，鼓勵寫作時善用隱喻，教導學生分析談話內容、運用閱讀理解策略和後設認知的知識，提供學生表達溝通的機會，以及訓練他們發問、省思的技巧，有助於促進發展批判性思考的能力。

關鍵字

批判性思考 ； 語文思考教學 ； 批判性閱讀 ； 閱讀理解 ； 寫作邏輯

並列摘要

Critical thinking was defined as elements including critical thinking skills (i.e. ability skill, process skill and operation skill and abilities of monitor, use and control thinking skills. Critical thinking includes three categories as the following: (1) Define and clarify the question. (2) Judge the information related to the question. (3) Solve the problem or make conclusions. From those viewpoints, the author tries to investigate how to increase critical thinking skills through Language instruction.This paper indicates that it is helpful for improving critical thinking skills by applying some strategies in the process of teaching reading, speaking and writing. These strategies are such as, seeking the logic of things and the logic of writing, use of metaphors in writing, analyzing contents of speech, strategies of reading comprehension and metcognitive knowledge, opportunities for communication, and developing inquiring and reflective thinking skills.

並列關鍵字

critical thinking ； Language instruction

參考文獻

Anderson, Philip M.,Sunstein, Bonnie S.(1987).Teaching the Use of Metaphor in Science Writing.

Angeletti, Sara R.(1990).Using Literature To Develop Critical Thinking.

Barrell, John,Oxman, Wendy G.(1984)."Hi Heels and Walking Shadows": Metaphoric Thinking in Schools.

Crismore, Avon(1987).Initiating Students into Critical Thinking .Reading, and Writing about Texts.

Dixson, Mnarcia D.(1991).Group Discussion and Individual Critical Thinking Processes: An Interactive Perspective.