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「中國式民主制度」的生成動力:內生性制度變遷的解釋

The Driving Forces Generating Chinese-style Democratic Institutions: An Explanation in terms of Endogenous Institutional Change

摘要


本文以內生性制度變遷觀點說明「觀念啟發」、「紅線區」與「權力結構」論,此三者較適於探討人大組織制度、黨代會常任制、村委會組織制度生成原因。本文指出馬列主義、毛、鄧思想等,影響人大民主、黨內民主與社會民主的發展順序。從「三大民主」制度比較中,可得知一旦違反改革底線,制度便無法生成;若不違反「紅線區」與「四個堅持原則」,則制度可被逐漸落實。因而,相對多數的支持力量僅能增添黨代會常任制的相關規範,不足以促使此制度正式落實。

並列摘要


In terms of endogenous institutional change, concepts such as "idea enlightenment," "red-line area" and "power structure" are more suitable to explain factors which generate the institution of the National People's Congress (NPC), the permanent system of the party congress, and the institution of the village committees in authoritarian China. The paper finds that Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong's thought and Deng Xiaoping's thought, respectively, influence the developmental sequence of NPC democracy, intra-party democracy, and socialist democracy. Comparison of the three major democratic institutions suggests that democratic institutions cannot be realized if they violate the reform's bottom line. Only when a democratic institution does not challenge the "red-line area" and the "Four Cardinal Principles", can it be gradually realized. Relative plurality of political support will improve the pertinent regulations for the permanent system of the party congress, but are not sufficient to formally implement the institution.

參考文獻


柳金財(2011)。中國鄉鎮領導選舉制度變革:發展、模式與影響。育達科大學報。27,85-124。
謝易宏(2012)。台灣立委選制變遷的新制度論解釋。臺灣民主季刊。9(1),81-141。
蔡文軒(2008)。「雅安模式」的發展與侷限:「制度張力」的解釋。遠景基金會季刊。9(1),75-118。
趙建民、劉松福(2007)。改革開放以來中共中央最高領導及決策體制之變遷。遠景基金會季刊。8(1),53-86。
陳述之、江衍良(2012)。改革開放時期中共意識形態的結構與演變:由鄧小平理論、「三個代表」重要思想到科學發展觀的發展過程。中國大陸研究。55(3),1-33。

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