楊東明的教育思想

Yang Tong-Ming's Thinking of Education

吳秀玉(Hsiu-Yu Wu)

《宜蘭技術學報》 9期 (2002/12) Pp. 51-63

https://doi.org/10.6179/nit.2002.09.16

摘要

楊東明，河南人，生於明朝晚期，是「真得陽明肯綮」的北方王門後學，淵源於泰州學派。是萬曆年間的進士，從政十三年，多任給事中職，由於敢犯顏直諫，忤逆皇上，大半生謫官家居。他發揮泰州人物畢生以教育為職志的傳統精神，用心於辦義學，興學會，參與書院講學，教育工作付出相當的心力。他採用儒家經典作教材，用詩歌形式、師友感化方式教學，並就日常道提掇指點，問答討論，冀以啟迪心智，去除私慾，復明本心。因為講學的態度誠懇真摯，使得學者學習興趣濃厚，講堂上不時洋溢著歌唱迭和，春風沂水之樂。他講學不僅僅是經師，更是道道地地的人師，所以得到「聖學」、「實學」的美名。「師道立；則善人多。善人多則朝廷正而天下治」，「天下治」是古今一致的願望，在當今師道淪喪，物欲橫流，社會秩序陵夷的亂象裏，他所立的「師道」楷模，尤其值得我們學習。

關鍵字

楊東明 ； 明晚期 ； 王門後學 ； 辦義學 ； 興學會 ； 書院講學 ； 師道楷模

並列摘要

Yang Tong-Ming, born in He-Nan in the late period of the Ming Dynasty, originated from the school of the Tai State and obtained the real essential points of Wang Yang-Ming's scholarship in the north. He passed the imperial examination during the Wan-Li years, and then was engaged in the public service for thirteen years. Because daring to disobey the Emperor so as to admonish straightforward, most of his life was spent home. With the conventional persistence of devoting oneself to education as previous figures of the Tai State he founded attentively many voluntary schools and academies and participated diligently in teaching at colleges. The ordinary principles of daily life were emphasized in both the instructions and discussions in order to inspire mind, to get rid of greed, and to regain the original soul. Learners intensified their interests as a result of his sincere attitude, thereby from time to time filling the lecture room with pleasure of harmonious singing and the close relationship between the instructor and disciples. His instruction depended upon not merely the intuitive ability to know right or wrong, but rather the realization of the ability; not merely talking about the morality, but further practicing it. Hence it was verified that he fulfilled not merely a teacher of books, but the genuine practitioner. Therefore people honored him with ”the holy scholarship” and ”the scholarship of practicing.” As the proverb goes, ”The more steadily the teacher's dignity stands, the more decently people are instructed. Those decent people can next lead the Imperial Court to govern the country correctly. Governing the country correctly is the unanimous wish at all times, ancient and modem. Nowadays the teacher's dignity falls, material desires flow over, and the social order has mired into disorder. The outstanding model for the teacher's dignity established by Yang Tong-Ming is in particular worth learning in this day and age.

並列關鍵字

Yang Tong-ming ； the late period the Ming Dynasty ； an heir of Wang Yang-Ming's scholarship ； to found voluntary schools ； to launch academies ； to teach at colleges ； the model for the teacher's dignity