析論明清的商人倫理

The Issue Analysis on Ming Ching Businessman Ethic

陳麗貞(Lee-Chen Chen)

《宜蘭技術學報》 9期 (2002/12) Pp. 65-74

https://doi.org/10.6179/nit.2002.09.17

摘要

中國很早就有商業和市場活動，春秋時勢力雄厚的大商人，雖有市場獨占力（monopoly power），然其社會階層仍居於四民之末。真正使中國商業規模擴大，商人財富累積和商人的社會地位提高，則在宋元時代。接續宋元之後，明清時代商幫的崛起，這些同出一地的商人，靠著親友、宗族、鄉黨的倫理，集資合伙、互相援引提攜，許多獨立的商號因此建立起非正式的、橫向的業務關係，這雖使中國的商業規模更加擴大，也使商人活動愈形熱絡，然其與封建社會的密切連繫及與封建官僚的結合，亦衍生許多倫理問題。經本文採用多元因子測定後，證實上述現象，透過數量化分析，顯示出明清的商人倫理，既有趨勢上儘管優勢（5項）明顯大於劣勢（3項），唯其面臨外在威脅因子（4項）仍大於機會因子（2項）之不確定現象，猶待進一步改善。

關鍵字

明清商人 ； 倫理問題 ； 多元因子 ； 數量化分析 ； 外在機會（威脅）因子

並列摘要

We have been the business and market activity in the long time, but the businessman of monopoly power still maintains the least status .The social hierarchy had significantly growth since Sung Yuan Dynasty. Especially in Ming Ching time, local dealers who had organized and formed in commercial union promoted their economic scale and political power. When they had linked together with traditionally reaction system, as well as its officialism, some of Ethic issues happened.The purpose of this paper was to quantify the above ethic issues and to evaluate their effects, including the internal positive, internal negative, external positive, and external negative factors. From the results of this study, which depended on multi-factor indice, it showed that Ming Ching businessman ethic had good internal ethic advantages (5 items) relative to weakness condition (3 items), but the external or uncertain conditions that the threat (4 items) was more than the opportunity (2 items) must be improved.

並列關鍵字

Ming Ching businessman ； Ethic issues ； Multi-factor ； Quantifying analysis ； External threat factor