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美、日、韓及臺灣職業棒球運動發展之探討

A Study of Professional Baseball Developments in United States, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan

摘要


本文旨在探討美國、日本、韓國及臺灣的職業棒球發展歷史及現況,透過文獻分析的方式,蒐集美、日、韓、臺等國職棒發展的相關研究,並分析有關棒球的在世界各國的歷史、媒體與職棒的關係、球員的薪資及觀眾人數等面向。分析結果發現,美國是職業棒球的起源地,迄今共歷經142年之久,在全世界各國中的職業棒球歷史最久的國家、同時也是企業最早投入職業運動的國家;此外,由於美國職業棒球發展得比較早,因此,球員的薪資及觀眾人數相較於其他各國都是最多的國家;然而,日本開展迄今共有90年之久,屬於發展較晚的國家,相較於美國職棒,日本是最早有電視轉播媒體介入職棒轉播的國家。韓國及臺灣都是1980年後才成立職業棒球的國家,但相較於臺灣,韓國職棒已經成功地提升觀眾人數及球員薪資,美、日兩國的職業棒球都歷經打假球和勞資糾紛的事件,但在近年來卻仍能創造觀賞人數及電視轉播權利金的新高,原因在於這些國家的聯盟都能主動改善問題及具備永續經營概念;因此,筆者希冀透過本文之探討,得以有效提供國外成功例子以利臺灣職棒發展之參考,進而提升觀眾人數,產生消費,建立產值,以產生良性循環,扶植臺灣職業棒球之永續發展。

並列摘要


This study aims to explore the professional baseball history, development, and current situation in the U.S., Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Intensive literature analyses were used through the collection of related literature of baseball history, media relationships, players' salaries, and number of patrons in these countries. Results showed that the U.S. is the origin of professional baseball. Throughout the longest development of 142 years with the earliest business investment in professional sports, players' salaries and number of patrons exceed those of all other countries. Japan with her 90 years of history is classified as a late developed country compared to the U.S. However, the earliest broadcasting ball games in Japan strengthens her success. After 1980, Korea and Taiwan established their professional baseball leagues. Compared to Taiwan, Korea has successfully increased number of patrons and players' salaries. Although, the U.S. and Japan have experienced match-rigging and labor disputations, they still reach record-high number of patrons and broadcasting rights. The reason why these two leagues can be so successful is the league actively proposed solutions and a long-term management plan. Thus, the professional league in Taiwan could learn from the experiences from the U.S. and Japan to increase even more patrons to generate higher profits for the sustainability of a professional baseball league.

參考文獻


劉昌德、羅世宏(2005)。電視置入性行銷之規範:政治經濟學觀點的初步考察。中華傳播學刊。8,41-61。
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被引用紀錄


蘇榮裕(2015)。計畫行為理論應用在中華職棒現場觀眾運動賞析行為之研究運動休閒管理學報12(1),85-96。https://doi.org/10.6214/JSRM.1201.006
張世嫈(2012)。媒體運動之運動明星塑造過程研究—以臺灣職業棒球為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315302016
范良誌、楊智鈞(2023)。中華職棒球迷賽事觀賞動機與消費行為的關聯性:以Funk氏棒球賽事球迷參與動機量表為工具萬能學報(45),120-139。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20110526004-N202307270008-00009

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