近代籃球規則演變之精神與意涵

Spirit and Meaning of Current Basketball Rule Changes

陳膺成(Ying-Cheng Chen) ； 曾銀助(Ying-Chu Tseng) ； 林忠程(Jong-Cheng Lin)

《大專體育》 139期 (2016/12) Pp. 10-16

https://doi.org/10.6162/SRR.2016.139.02

摘要

籃球規則的存在與籃球運動的發展是同時產生的，既是相互影響也是相互促進發展的，透過籃球規則不斷的演變，將會促使比賽的規範更加公平化、合理化及人性化，除了增加比賽的激烈性和精彩性，更能提高比賽的觀賞性。然而，規則與技戰術的發展是相輔相成的，有突破性的技戰術出現，亦能促進規則的修改，隨著規則的修改，就會加速籃球運動的前進。因此，本文之目的是以文獻回顧透過規則演變的精神，來探討規則演變對籃球比賽所產生的變化及影響。籃球的規則從兩年修改一次到現在每隔半年的時間就可以修改一次，這就充分的說明了籃球運動的發展速度之快。從規則修訂的內在因素及融入職業籃球的外在影響，這二個面向來探討這些規則的改變對籃球比賽的影響。本文所得到的結語如下：未來的籃球運動將朝向高強度與快節奏來發展，三分線內與禁區的空間變大，亦將增加攻守雙方對抗的激烈程度。此外，國際籃總的發展逐漸融入職業籃球的元素，將會拉近與職業籃球之間的距離，對於籃球運動全球性的推展將更有幫助。

關鍵字

進攻24秒 ； 籃球禁區 ； 三分區

並列摘要

Basketball rules and basketball games are developed at the same time. They impact on each other and help each other grow. The non-stop evolution of basketball rules helps basketball games become more principled, humanized, and fairer. It enhances the excitement and appeal of games. Moreover, the development of basketball techniques, tactics and rules complement each other. The appearance of break-through techniques and tactics will contributes to the amendment of rules, which, on the other hand, helps basketball sport develop and grow faster. Therefore, the purpose of this review article was through the evolution of the spirit of the rules, to discuss rule changes and their potential impact on basketball games. Basketball rules used to change every 2 years, but now they change about every 6 months, evidencing the rapid evolution of the game. This article discusses intrinsic factors within the game (including space and time) and their relation to rules, as well as external influences upon professional basketball. It concludes that the future of basketball will be high-speed, high-intensity play; the space inside the three-point line and restricted area will see an increased level of confrontation between opponents. In addition, the development of the International Basketball Federation into elements of the National Basketball Association (NBA), will shorten the distance between the two, which will help globalize basketball.

並列關鍵字

24 seconds period ； restricted areas ； 3-point field goal area

參考文獻

王有智、單春華（2009）。2008、2010 年籃球規則的修訂對技戰術發展的影響。西昌學院學報（自然科學版），23 卷4 期，106-108 頁。[Wang, Y.-Z., & Shan, C.-H. (2009). The impact of 2008/2010 basketball rule modification on basketball tactics development. Journal of Xichang College (Natural Science Edition), 23(4), 106-108.]

徐軍、費家明、范斌（2010）。2008、2010 年FIBA 規則修改對籃球運動影響。淮北煤炭師範大學學報（自然科學版），31 卷1 期，60-62 頁。[Xu, J., Fei, J.-M., & Fan, B. (2010). How the FIBA rule of 2008, 2010 revision affects the basketball movement. Journal of Huaibei Coal Industry Teachers College, 31(1), 60-62.]

逢海東、齊璘（2011）。2010 年國際籃球規則修改內容及對籃球比賽之影響。淡江體育，14 期，72-78 頁。[Pang, H.-T., & Chi, L. (2011). 2010 international basketball rules changes and impact on basketball games. Tamkang University Sports, 14, 72-78.]

張健（2014）。籃球規則的修訂對籃球比賽技戰術的影響。網友世界，16 期，95 頁。[Zhang, J. (2014). Basketball rules amendment effects on basketball techniques and tactics. Net Friends, 16, 95.]

張學劍（2014）。現代籃球新規則的改變及其影響。體育時空，7 期，117 頁。[Zhang, X.-J. (2014). Modern new basketball rules changes and their impact. Sports Time, 7, 117.]