被忽視的創傷：災區外的眼淚

本文乃社工員服務12名居住於災區之外，卻在88水災中罹災之災民與罹難者眷屬的經驗；「災區外的災民」是我們對這群在災區中罹災的外地工作者及其家屬的稱呼。這群罹災、罹難者是政府工程的下游承包團隊，在這場意外中罹難者5人，受傷者有7人。社工員經由服務過程發現工作團隊除了身體受創，罹災者或罹難者眷屬都出現急性壓力徵候的心理反應，只是每個人的表現並不相同。有些罹災者感到自責愧疚，未能從創傷的驚嚇中復原，部分成員反覆談論自己逢災的過程，只是周遭親友無法感同身受；罹難者家屬則因事發突然，出現難以接受惡耗的情感反應，且期待透過夢境與已逝親人有所聯繫。工作團隊與災區居民都蒙受相同創傷，卻因未居住在災區，資訊取得不易，而無法得到政府與民間即時的協助，宛如身處福利孤島。社工員亦因災民需求多元複雜、資源訊息整理不及，對於未能有效協助災民感到自責，另外，也對案家不同的創傷反應感到疑惑，並於服務大批創傷者的過程中出現替代創傷的特徵。綜合上述經驗，本文提出社工員及政府從事災後服務之建議。

關鍵字

88水災；莫拉克颱風；急性壓力症候；替代性創傷

並列摘要

This article examines the social workers' experiences of working with the individuals who resided outside the disaster area affected by Typhoon Morakot (also known as the 88 Flood Disaster), but who were also victims of the disaster. The individuals who were affected by the disaster during the rehabilitation process were referred to as the ”neglected victims” by the social workers. The neglected victims in this article were the team members of a governmental downstream contracting project; there were five deaths and seven injuries. First, the article discusses the social workers' observations and anecdotes during the service process. Though it varied between each individual, we found that both the neglected victims and their families reported symptoms of acute stress disorder (ASD). The victims exhibited signs of self-blame and feelings of guilt, and were psychologically unable to fathom the reality and recover from the trauma. They also showed signs of fatigue as well as diminished physical energy. Some of the victims repeatedly talked about their horrid experiences, with the hope of finding someone who would totally understand what they had gone through, yet nobody was successful. Furthermore, the families of the deceased victims had tremendous difficulties accepting the deaths. Looking for emotional comfort, they hoped to have connections with the deceased in their dreams. Next, the article suggests that although governmental measures and emergency resources were readily available to the victims in the disaster area, the neglected victims did not benefit from them. Situated on the border of the welfare, the neglected victims could not find relief due to the lack of access to information as well as physical distance from the affected areas. Finally, while servicing the victims, the social workers began to show symptoms of vicarious traumatization. They blamed themselves for not being able to assist these neglected victims in an effective manner. The article offers practical suggestions based on the social service experiences with the neglected victims.

並列關鍵字

88 flood disasters ； typhoon Morakot disasters ； acute stress disorder (ASD) ； vicarious traumatization

參考文獻

行政院莫拉克颱風災後重建推動委員會（2009）：〈「走過風雨攜手重建」─莫拉克颱風災後復原重建相關民眾濟助事項一覽表〉。線上檢索於 2010 年 4 月5日，取自：http://www.ey.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=57677&ctNode=2313&mp=31

Google Scholar

Berkman, L. F.,Glass, T.,Brisette, I.,Seeman, T. E.(2000).From social integration to health: Durkheim in the New Millennium.Social Science and Medicine.51,843-857.