黃宗羲論詩重性情說

Huang Zongxi's Poetic Theory of Temperament

魏凡雅(Fan-Ya Wei)

《輔大中研所學刊》 24期 (2010/10) Pp. 57-77

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.201010.0004

摘要

袁枚曾在《隨園詩話》評論黃宗羲：「先生不以詩見長，而言之有味。」可見袁枚認為黃宗羲豈不以詩作為長，然其詩論，確有獨到之處。而近代學者郭紹虞先生就曾提出黃宗羲詩論的核心在於一個「情」字。可見在黃宗羲詩歌理論中，「性情」佔有核心重要地位。黃宗羲除了主張性情對詩作的重要性之外，更擴展了性情的內涵，使性情不再是情感一時之作，甚至延伸到萬古之情的深遠境界。黃宗羲甚至將情景間的相融關係提出了個人獨到的審美觀。最終提出以學問作為性情的擴充。這些詩論的提出，不僅為清初詩壇注入一股清流，甚至影響其後再論詩者，皆不輕忽詩中性情的重要性。故而更顯黃宗羲其性情詩論在清初詩壇的特殊地位。

關鍵字

黃宗羲 ； 性情 ； 詩重性情

並列摘要

In ”Suiyuan Shihua,” Yuan Mei made an appraisal to Huang Zongxi and said: ”Sir is not specialized in poem writing, yet with his own style.” Therefore, Yuan Mei thinks that Huang Zongxi is not specialized in poem writing, but his poetics theory does have his own style. Mr. Guo Shaoyu, a modem scholar, once concluded that the core of Huang's poetic theory is to express ”sentiment.” As we should see, the important value of his works is ”temperament.” Huang not only advocated the importance of temperament within poems, but expanded the connotation of temperaments. It allows our temperament not become a momentary of emotional output, but even outreach the ancient sentiment into one's deep state of mind. Moreover, he provided his unique appreciation of the beauty on the compatible relationship between sceneries. At the end, he even addressed to take knowledge as the extension of one's temperament. All these poetics theories infuse a fresh trend to poetic realm in early Qing dynasty. Also, they affect how people criticize poems afterwards, which make people not to ignore the importance of the temperament in a poem. To conclude, these theories show that Huang's poetics theory of temperament has his special status in early Qing's poems.

並列關鍵字

Huang Zongxi ； temperament ； poetic theory importance of temperament