獨居老人使用社會福利服務因素之探討：以臺北市爲例

Factors Associated with Welfare Services Used by Elderly Persons Living Alone in Taipei City

曾煥裕(Huan-Yui Tseng) ； 石泱(Yang Shih)

《長期照護雜誌》 14卷2期 (2010/09) Pp. 177-197

https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.201009_14(2).0006

摘要

本研究之目的在於瞭解臺北市獨居老人對社會福利服務的使用情形，並探究影響其使用福利服務的因素。研究樣本來自臺北市政府社會局所提供之獨居老人名單，依分層隨機與人口比例方式抽樣，透過問卷調查方式完成有效樣本621份。研究結果顯示，獨居老人較常使用經濟補助和醫療服務，較少使用社區照顧和安養服務。進一步以Andersen行為模式分析發現，影響獨居老人使用服務的因素主要來自於需求因素（如ADL與IADL量表分數、憂鬱量表分數、是否曾在兩週內到醫院或診所看病），使能因素中僅具有中低收入戶資格為影響使用經濟補助服務的唯一因素，前置因素中則以社會支持和社會活動較具影響效果。整體而言，獨居老人對於福利服務的認知程度並不高，因而使用率也偏低，建議未來政府應加強對獨居老人服務項目的宣導、降低服務使用的申請門檻，方能提高獨居老人對福利服務的使用率。

關鍵字

獨居老人 ； 行爲模式 ； 服務使用

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to understand the utilization of welfare services among those elderly who lived alone in Taipei City and explore the factors which impacted on the usage of services. The sample list was provided by the Department of Social Welfare of Taipei City. After stratified random sampling, face-to-face interviews were conducted by interviewers. The study successfully collected 621 respondents' data. The results showed that income maintenance and medical assistance services were the most used by the elderly, while the community services and public housing for the elderly were the least. The study adopted the Andersen’s Behavior Model to guide the research and found that most of the variables affecting the utilization of services among the elderly living alone was from the need factor (i.e., ADL and IADL scores, Depression scores, and whether the respondents had been to a hospital or a clinic for help). In the enabling factor, the only variable significantly correlated with the dependent variable was whether the respondent was qualified for low-or intermediate-income. In the predisposing factors, social support and social activity significantly correlated with the utilization of social services. Overall, the elderly respondents living alone knew very little about the welfare programs and therefore only utilized very limited services. In the future, it is suggested that the city government should promote the services to raise the utilization rate.

並列關鍵字

elderly living alone ； behavior model ； service use