社區老人之職能治療生活型態介入方案

The Lifestyle Intervention Programs by Occupational Therapy for Community-dwelling Older Adults

蘇姵綺(Pei-Chi Su) ； 張玲慧(Ling-Hui Chang) ； 毛慧芬(Hui-Fen Mao)

《長期照護雜誌》 16卷2期 (2012/09) Pp. 121-134

https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.201209_16(2).0002

摘要

在地老化概念興起之際，社區老人的健康促進與安適越來越受重視，過去許多研究已經證實生活型態的選擇，會影響身體、認知、及社會功能，且是成功老化的關鍵。職能治療專業由美國南加大研究團隊率先發展出一以活動為媒介，提昇社區老人健康生活型態的預防介入計畫（well-elderly program），經過嚴謹之隨機控制實驗，結果顯示老人藉由建立健康的生活型態，可延緩各種老化所面臨的生理、認知、心理社會功能、主觀安適等的衰退，達到健康促進與提昇生活品質的目標，也同時減少健康照護相關支出，具成本效性。本文將介紹其發展歷程，職能治療專業的理論基礎與理念、介入內容、執行方式、結果、並分析達到正面成效的可能機轉。此職能治療的生活型態介入模式，有四個研究團隊相繼修正並進行成效驗證，本文回顧整理此四團隊近十年來的研究成果，並提出後續應用推廣於台灣文化情境，或進行進一步成效驗證研究時的考量。

關鍵字

生活型態 ； 老年人 ； 職能治療 ； 健康促進

並列摘要

As the concept ”Aging in Place” grown in popularity, more emphasis was put on health promotion and wellness in elderly population. Many studies have proved that choices of lifestyle can influence one's physical, cognitive and social functions. Furthermore, living a healthy lifestyle is also the key point of reaching successful aging. Based on occupational science, the USC (University of Southern California) well-elderly program was developed to promote health in community in older population. The randomized controlled trail study design was applied to a group of elderly people. The results showed that those participants established healthy lifestyle by changing themselves, which may delay the decrease of physical, cognitive, psychosocial functions and subjective sense of well-being. It would not only improve older adults' health and quality of life, but also reduce the burden of health care expenses and proved to be cost-effective. The present article introduces the progress of the study development, theoretical base, content of intervention, methods of implement, results and analysis of the possible mechanism to reach positive effects.Regarding to the lifestyle intervention, four occupational therapeutic studies verified the effectiveness by modifying and conducting the similar studies. The literature review summarized the studies results during the past decade, and accordingly proposed the considerations when applying lifestyle-based occupational therapy intervention or further investigation in Taiwanese culture.

並列關鍵字

health promotion ； lifestyle ； occupational therapy ； older adults