以生態系統理論探討脊髓損傷照顧者之壓力影響因素

To Explore the Impact Factors of Stress in the Caregivers of Spinal Cord Injury: From the Perspective of Ecological System

張怡雅(Yi-Ya Chang) ； 陳妙絹(Miao-Chuan Chen) ； 簡乃卉(Nai-Hui Chien)

《長期照護雜誌》 16卷2期 (2012/09) Pp. 205-214

https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.201209_16(2).0008

摘要

脊髓損傷照顧者在照顧時面臨極大壓力，此壓力會讓照顧者在身體、心理及行為上產生變化，而有身心不舒適的狀態，進而可能會影響到脊髓損傷者的照顧品質。本文以生態系統理論為架構，進行文獻回顧，歸納出影響脊髓損傷照顧者壓力的因素，在微觀系統中的影響因素包括照顧者的性別、年齡、教育程度、脊髓損傷者的日常生活功能與家庭經濟狀況，在中間系統則有就業，在外圍系統有社會支持之因素，而巨觀系統則有性別分工之傳統價值觀，在時間系統的相關影響因素為脊髓損傷者受傷後時間的長短。期待藉由本文可加強護理人員對脊髓損傷照顧者所面臨的壓力之影響因素有進一步的認識並可適時的提供照護需求，以減輕脊髓損傷照顧者所面臨的壓力，並提供未來脊髓損傷照顧者之研究方向。

關鍵字

脊髓損傷 ； 照顧者 ； 生態系統理論 ； 壓力

並列摘要

Caregivers of spinal cord injury patients experience enormous levels of stress when caring for the patients. As a consequence of this stress, they will display physical, psychological, and behavioral changes, which can even manifest as discomfort. This can in turn impact of the quality of care received by spinal cord patients. Based on the framework of the ecological system theory, we conducted a literature review to examine potential factors which could impact the caregivers of spinal cord injury patients. Gender, age, education level of caregivers, the daily activity of the spinal cord injury patients and their family's financial situation are the impact factors in the microsystem. Employment and social support are the major factors in the intermediate and the peripheral system respectively. The traditional value of division of labor by gender and the length after spinal cord injury are the main impact factors in the macrosystem. The present article provides nurses with an insight into the potential factors affecting the stress levels experienced by caregivers of spinal cord injury patients; this in turn helps nurses to provide appropriate care to reduce the stress. This article also indicates a new direction for research regarding caregiver health.

並列關鍵字

spinal cord injury ； caregivers ； ecological system ； stress