由照顧者觀點探討失能高齡者「在地老化」之住宅性能需求

The Requirements of Housing Performance for Disabled Older People Aging in Place from Caregivers' Perspectives

徐丹桂(Tan-Kui Hsu) ； 黃耀榮(Yao-Rong Hwang) ； 劉建佑(Chien-You Liou)

《長期照護雜誌》 17卷2期 (2013/08) Pp. 125-148

https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.201308_17(2).0006

摘要

長期照護相關研究認為失能高齡者應該「在地老化」，然而住宅環境對於居家照顧服務需求之支持將是落實「在地老化」關鍵課題。過去對於住宅性能研究普遍針對一般居民或是健康高齡者之住宅，本研究之目的在於探討照顧者對於失能高齡者「在地老化」住宅性能需求之觀點與認知傾向，以提供未來「在地老化」住宅性能規範之參考資料。本研究由11個提供居家照顧服務輸送之團體中，抽樣55位專業照顧者與72位家屬照顧者為研究樣本，並透過「在地老化」住宅性能發展課題之理論回顧、結構式問卷及面談訪問而進行住宅性能需求之調查研究以及專業照顧者與家屬照顧者之間觀點差異分析。研究結論如下：（一）在防災避難設施設備性能、無障礙環境性能、照護作業環境性能、物理環境性能等方面有39 項課題在專業照顧者和家屬照顧者之需求具有共識，可做為建築技術規則現行老人住宅設計規範落實「在地老化」住宅性能之依據。（二）在臥室門口型式、臥室牆面材料、臥室床位安排方式、臥室設施設備、廚房設施設備、上肢復健空間與下肢復健空間之設施設備、復健空間之自然採光通風形式以及污物處理空間設施設備等9項課題，專業照顧者和家屬照顧者之需求達到顯著差異，將有助於環境設計領域界定「在地老化」住宅設計研究之重點課題。

關鍵字

失能高齡者 ； 照顧者 ； 在地老化 ； 住宅性能

並列摘要

Long-term care correlated research recognizes that disabled older people should be aging in place. Nevertheless, housing environment supporting for the requirements of home care services will be the critical issue for the implementation of aging in place. Housing performance researches generally focused on the housing for normal residents and healthy elders in past years. The purpose of this research try to study the requirements of housing performance for disabled older people incapable of aging in place from the perspective and cognition-oriented of caregivers in order to provide references for housing performance's criteria in the future.This research sampled fifty-five professional caregivers and seventy-two family caregivers from eleven home care service-providing organizations. Investigation of housing performance's requirements and analysis of perspective differences between professional caregiver and family caregiver were processed through the theory review of housing performance's issues, questionnaire and interview. Research conclusions are as follows: The first, with regards to performance of disaster prevention and evacuation facilities, performance of disability accessibility, performance of caring operation environment and performance of physical environment, most requirements of thirty-nine issues between professional caregiver and family caregiver reached a consensus. The existing design criteria of elderly housing in building code can implement housing performance for aging in place on the basis of research results. The second, the requirements of nine issues, including door-style of bedroom, wall material of bedroom, bed arrangement, facilities for bedroom and kitchen, facilities for upper-limb and lower-limb rehabilitation spaces, natural lighting and ventilation of rehabilitation space and facilities for wastes disposal space had significant differences between professional caregiver and family caregiver. The results will assist environmental design field in defining the important issues in terms of housing design research for aging in place.

並列關鍵字

disabled older people ； caregiver ； aging in place ； housing performance