社區安全需求與實踐之台灣、日本兩地比較研究

Comparison of Community Safety Needs and Action in Japan and Taiwan

鄭惠美(Huey-Mei Jeng) ； 照屋博行(Hiroyuki Teruya)

《健康促進暨衛生教育雜誌》 24期 (2004/12) Pp. 1-14

摘要

本研究以日本福岡縣宗像市與台灣台北縣三峽鎮二社會、自然環境相類似地區的國民小學學生家長為研究母群體，採分層集束隨機抽樣的方式，於2003年3月至5月進行問卷調查，共取得481份有效樣本。主要研究目的有二：1．比較日台兩地小學生家長在社區安全需求及促進社區安全行為實踐上的異同；2．探討研究對象之「人口特性」、「社區安全感」、「社區安全需求」、「促進社區安全之行為實踐」間的關係。研究者從健康信念模式(Health Belief Model)及需求理論的觀點，以多元迴歸的方法進行統計分析，結果發現台灣地區小學生家長之「社區安全需求」高於日本，但其「促進社區安全之行為實踐」卻遠低於日本；日本社區中社區安全行動線索遠比台灣多是其重要原因。研究對象的國別、年齡、社區安全需求是影響其促進社區安全行為實踐的顯著因素；國別、生活安全擔心度是影響其社區安全需求的顯著因素，日本地區安全促進策略中的「安全管理」及「道德教育」值得做為台灣推展社區安全之參考。

關鍵字

社區 ； 安全 ； 教育 ； 小學生家長 ； 行為 ； 需求 ； 成人

並列摘要

The population studied consists of the parents of elementary school students in Japan's Munakata City(宗像市), Fukuoka Prefecture, and Taiwan's Sanhsia Township, Taipei County, both of which share similar social environment and natural environment. Using random stratified cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted between March and May 2003, and 481 valid samples were obtained. There are two main purposes of the study, i.e. (1) to compare the community safety needs of parents of school children in Japan and Taiwan, and their actual efforts to promote community safety; and (2) to explore the relations in the ”population characteristics”, ”community safety”, ”community safety needs” and ”action to promote community safety” of the research subjects. Through the Health Belief Model and the need theory perspective, statistical analysis was conducted using the multiple regression method. It was found that the parents of elementary school children in Taiwan have greater ”community safety needs” than their counterparts in Japan but their ”actual efforts to promote community safety” are far lesser than their counterparts in Japan, which is mainly because there are far more clues of community safety actions in the Japanese community than there are in the Taiwanese community. The nationality, age and community safety needs of the research subjects are significant factors that influence their actual efforts to promote community safety; and nationality and level of concern about everyday safety are significant factors that influence their community safety needs. The ”safety management” and ”moral education” in Japan's safety promotion strategy provide valuable references in the promotion of community safety in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

community ； safety ； education ； parents of elementary school students ； action ； needs ； adult