民營化與第三部門：日本鐵路改革經驗的反思

Privatization and the Third Sector: Reflection of Japan's Railroad Reform Experience

林淑馨(Shu-Hsin Lin)

《公共行政學報》 11期 (2004/06) Pp. 109-142

https://doi.org/10.30409/JPA.200406_(11).0004

摘要

國內外推行民營化政策時，經常遇到的阻力，乃在於民眾對於一些與日常生活或經濟息息相關之公營事業的擔憂。害怕事業在移轉民營之後，新的業者可能會因對成本效益的考量，而減少或停止不符成效益的服務之供給，進而影響民眾的權益與生活。
一九八七年四月，日本國鐵進行分割、民營化時，也曾面臨上述的問題。當時的日本政府為了消弭居民的疑慮，促使民營化政策得以順利施行，以公私合夥的型態設置第三部門鐵路，成為成功運用第三部門以化解公共服務改革所可能引發危機的著名個案。因此，本文擬藉由日本第三部門概念的介紹，探討是否可藉由此特殊的制度設計來解決推行民營化的過程中所可能引發出的有關公共性確保的爭論，並討論此制度在我國的適用情形。

關鍵字

民營化 ； 第三部門 ； 公共性 ； 效率性

並列摘要

The frequent hindrance for privatized policy practiced domestically and abroad results from the fact about public’s worry over the public business which is closely related to the daily life or economic activity, while people would be in a fear of new business operators’ decrease or suspension of the supply of service which is not conformed to benefit in terms of consideration for cost benefit that would influence people’s equity and life after the public businesses turns into private ones.
At the time when Japan’s national railroad sector was conducted the division and privatization in April 1987, issue same to the one mentioned above emerged as well. To mitigate people’s anxiety, Japan government made efforts to push forward t eh implementation of privatized policy by setting up the third sector through the mode of public and private partnership, that it turns out to be one renowned case for the third sector successfully settle the possible crisis resulted from the reform of public service. Therefore, this study intends to delve into the issue if such specific system design can solve the dispute of related public surety that may be arising out from the course of and implementation of privatization through an introduction of the concept about Japan’s third sector as well as discuss the situation of applicability for such system practiced in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

privatization ； the third sector ； public interest ； efficiency

參考文獻

(1987)。現代公企業総論。東京:東洋經濟新報社。

(1991)。第三セクター再論－定義の再考と近年の変容ー。公益事業研究。42(3)，1-29。

(1995)。我が國における民営化の胎動•突実•評価。追手門經濟論集。42(3)，1-29。

(2000)。民営化と第三セクター。都市問題。91(2)，47-60。

Hanke, H. S.(1987).Prospects for Privatization.Montpelier, VT:Capital City Press.