大學新生健康問題及健康缺點分析研究

The Analysis of Health Problems and Health Defects of College Freshmen in Taiwan

李秋娓(Chiu-Wey Lee) ； 黃怡婷(Yi-Ting Hwang) ； 顏君瑋(Chun-Wei Yen)

《學校衛生》 53期 (2008/12) Pp. 1-15

https://doi.org/10.30026/CJSH.200812.0001

摘要

為瞭解大學生之健康問題，本研究自同一家醫院取得十一所大學新生學生健康檢查紀錄卡，分析其中學生自填問卷及健康檢查結果，合計19,349位，利用百分比、卡方檢定及t檢定統計分析，以瞭解大學新生之健康問題、體位狀況、健康缺點，以及男女生是否有差異，藉此作為推展健康教學及辦理健康服務的根據。
重要結果如下：大學新生的主要健康行為問題為：睡眠不足及沒有運動；心理問題為：覺得頭痛及覺得焦慮、憂慮；上述統計結果，男女皆呈現顯著差異。在體位狀況方面：大學新生男生平均身高為172.5公分，女生平均身高為160公分；男生平均體重為67.2公斤，女生平均體重為52.9公斤。體重過輕佔19%，體重過重佔20%；然而女生體重過輕明顯比男生嚴重；在自我健康評估方面，女生自我評估較差。
在健康缺點方面，血液常規檢查以貧血問題較嚴重，血色素異常為7.4%，女生異常高於男生；尿酸異常（比率為6.0%）及肝功能異常（GPT異常比率為5.5%），男生高於女生；膽固醇異常為16.4%，男女生則沒有顯著差異，可見心臟血管等慢性疾病問題，不管男女新生皆已逐漸浮現。
綜合上述研究結果，建議在大學校園中推廣健康促進計畫時，內容除運動外，應加入充足睡眠項目。另需注意心理調適，在體重控制活動中也要強調體重過輕的不良影響，且對慢性病的預防應提早開始。

關鍵字

大學生 ； 健康檢查 ； 健康行為 ； 自我健康評估

並列摘要

To understand the health problems of college freshmen, this research used data for freshmen recording their health life, self-health evaluation and physical examination records from 11 universities.
The findings of this research are as follows. For the health behavior aspect, the majorities of freshmen do not have enough sleep and do not have enough exercise. For the mental aspect, most of freshmen have headache and anxious. Interestedly, there also exist gender differences in the preceding findings. In terms of growth aspect, the average heights for the male freshmen and the female freshmen are 172.5 cm and 160 cm, respectively. The average weights for the male freshmen and the female freshmen are 67.2 kg and 52.9 kg, respectively. In particular, 19% of freshmen have their weight below the average and most of under-weighted freshmen are females. Moreover, 20% of freshmen are over-weighted. In addition, more females feel their self-health evaluation is bad. With respect to the physical examination in the lab, anemia (Hb abnormality rate 7.4%) is the most commonly problem in the blood examination. More males have problems in uric acid (abnormality rate 6.0%) and abnormal liver function (GPT abnormality rate 5.5%). 16.4% of freshmen have cholesterol higher than the normal. Among the high cholesterol group, there is no difference in gender. Obviously, the chronic heart problem gradually exists in the freshmen regardless of gender.
The results of this study can be used as a basis for promoting health teaching and health service.

並列關鍵字

College student ； health examination ； health behavior ； self-health evaluation

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