探討促進國中學生視力保健行為改變的助力和阻力

我國學生視力不良情形逐年嚴重惡化，於2013年國民小學學生平均近視比率爲48.1%，而國民中學學生則攀升至73.5%。爲探討與分析國中學生視力不良健康行爲之障礙因素與改善方法，本研究透過學校教師訪問與問卷調查方式，共調查十所國民中學。調查結果發現，教師在「控制電子白板使用時間」及「協助回收視力複診單」之執行率最高;然而針對「視力保健議題融入教學設計」，以及「與家長溝通學生視力健康問題」二項工作，則執行率相對偏低。此外，學校較爲重視「提升視力不良複診率」及「成立户外活動性社團」二項視力保健相關推動策略。因此，持續增進教師視力保健知能，設計適合國中學生的視力保健教材拓展社區關係，推廣視力保健之重要性至課後輔導機構，以及加強與家長的健康訊息交换等，將有利於創造及維護學生良好的視力健康狀態。本文歸納出我國國民中學推動視力保健議題的障礙因子及促進因子，期許能將研究成果與全國致力於推動視力保健工作者一起分享與檢討改進。

關鍵字

視力保健；健康促進學校；國民中學

並列摘要

In 2003, the prevalence of myopia in Taiwan was about 48.1% among primary school students and 73.5% among junior high school students. In order to explore and analyze the obstacles in and methods for improving poor vision health among the secondary high school students, this study investigated ten schools through interviews and self-administered questionnaires. The survey results showed that faculties preferred to control the usage period of electronic whiteboards and collect students' recheck sheets after visiting ophthalmology departments. However, the faculty focused less on the curriculum design with vision health concepts and seldom contacted parents regarding their children's vision health. In addition, schools focused on the strategies to increase the follow-up rates of ophthalmology department and promote outdoor activities through students' associations. Therefore, in order to maintain appropriate vision health among students, many efforts should be further undertaken, such as reinforcing the competence of faculty for vision health, creating more interesting materials regarding vision health for junior high students, building partnerships with after-school institutions, and connecting with parents about myopia problems. This study identified the barriers in and strategies for improving vision health among junior high school students. The results could be a valuable reference to promote vision health for adolescents in Taiwan.