諮商師與來談者在諮商歷程重要事件之人際行為分析研究

The Study of Interpersonal Behaviors of Counselors and Clients in Important Events of Counseling Process

李勝江(Sheng-Chiang Lee) ； 廖鳳池(Feng-Tsu Liao)

《諮商輔導文粹：高師輔導所刊》 7期 (2002/11) Pp. 53-82

https://doi.org/10.6308/CG.07.03

摘要

本研究之主要目的在瞭解諮商歷程的重要事件中，諮商師與來談者的人際行為類別與互動類型，以及在人際行為背後的諮商師意圖與來談者的內隱反應，並透過互動歷程的分析，歸納本研究的重要事件中較常出現的互動特徵。研究者邀請四組諮商師與來談者進行諮商，各進行四次晤談，為了解不同階段諮商歷程之互動，因此以修訂的「人際溝通評量表」分析第一、三次諮商的重要事件中諮商師與來談者的人際行為，以「諮商師意圖分類表」與「來談者反應分類系統」，對以人際歷程回憶法訪談收集到的資料進行分析。本研究共分析四組諮商師與來談者、二十六段重要事件，結果發現：（l）在諮商的重要事件中，諮商師大多使用友善－支配向度的「引領」與「呵護」之人際行為，而來談者大部分使用友善－順從向度的「溫順」與「合作」之人際行為，因此雙方最常出現「互補」的互動類型。（2）諮商師最常有的意圖是「支持」，最常以「呵護」行為加以表現，其次的意圖是「澄清」與「感覺」，最常以「引領」的行為表現出來；而來談者的正向內隱反應大都以「溫順」與「合作」的人際行為表現，出現負向內隱反應時，敵對向度的人際行為會增多。（3）在諮商初期，諮商師表現「引領」與「呵護」的人際行為，與來談者建立關係。當諮商師開始要使來談者進一步獲得較大的衝擊時，會使用「自誇」與「批判」的人際行為，改變原先互補的互動方式。但也會衡量情況，表現對來談者的關懷，去了解來談者的不同看法，而能使來談者繼續表現友善－順從的「合作」與「溫順」行為，與諮商師形成互補，接受諮商師的影響。本研究最後根據結論及發現，對諮商實務工作及未來研究提出建議。

關鍵字

諮商歷程 ； 重要事件 ； 人際行為 ； 諮商師意圖 ； 人際歷程回憶

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to understand the categories and patterns of interpersonal behaviors of counselor and client, and the counselor intentions and the client’s covert reaction behind interpersonal behaviors. By analyzing the interaction process, the interaction characteristics of important events were presented. The interpersonal behaviors of counselors and clients in the important events of the first and the third sessions were analyzed by using revised “Interpersonal Communication Rating Scale”, the data collected by using Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) were analyzed based on “Intention List” and “Client Reaction System”.
The counseling process of four pairs of counselors and clients, and 26 important events were analyzed. The results indicates : (1) In important events of counseling, the most frequent interpersonal behaviors using by counselors were “Leading” and “Nurturant”, the most frequent interpersonal behaviors using by clients were “Docile” and “Cooperative”, and the most frequent interaction pattern was “Complememtarity”. (2) The most frequently occurring counselors’ intention was “Support”, most often performed by using “Nurturant” behavior. For the client, the most frequent client’s positive covert reactions were being performed by using “Docile” and “Cooperative”. When occurring negative covert reactions, the interpersonal behaviors of hostile dimension of clients increased. (3) In initial stage of counseling, the counselor used “Leading” and “Nurturant” behaviors, and established counseling relationship with client. When the counselors wanted to influence client further, their used “Self-enhancing” and “Critical” behaviors, and change the interaction style. Counselors considered the situation and concerned about the clients’ thoughts and feeling, made the clients performed “Docile” and “Cooperative” behaviors, and complemented the counselors.
Suggestions for counseling practician and further study were recommended.

並列關鍵字

counseling process ； important event ； interpersonal behavior ； counselor intention ； interpersonal process recall (IPR)

參考文獻

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