臺灣地區高速公路高乘載車道擁擠收費策略之研議

實施擁擠定價之高乘載車道在美國稱為HOT車道，本文建議在臺灣稱為雙率車道。本研究首先闡述雙率車道與永續運輸的關係，由案例回顧歸納擁擠費收費基礎（許可證、計次、計程）、費率型態（單一費率、時段性費率、動態費率）及臺灣可參用的經驗，其次探討各種擁擠定價法決策流程與優缺點。依據臺灣地區永續運輸政策及公路交通特性，本文進一步分析雙率車道法源、乘載率與擁擠收費機制之評估，並以國道一號五股楊梅段拓寬工程為例，研提關聯計畫之整合、車道使用對象與合理擁擠費區間。

關鍵字

高乘載車道；擁擠定價；永續運輸

並列摘要

High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes under congestion pricing are commonly known as high-occupancy and toll (HOT) lanes in the United States, and are named bi-rate lanes in Taiwan by this study. The relationships between sustainable transportation and HOT lanes are first illustrated, followed by compiling the existing U.S. HOT projects about congestion toll bases (permit-, per use-, and distance-based), patterns (a flat rate, time-of-day rates, and dynamic tolls), and useful prompts for Taiwan. The paper discusses the congestion pricing algorithms and their pros and cons. Based upon the framework of the local sustainable transportation policies and highway traffic characteristics, various bi-rate issues are addressed in general as well as specifically for the National Highway NO.1 widening project from Wugu to Yangmei, including integration of associated projects, legislation, evaluation of HOV eligibility, determination of toll bases and patterns, and congestion toll ranges.