茄子抗青枯病篩選

以21個美國種原庫茄子種原與2個對照品種為供試材料，於夏季平均溫度30.2℃育苗2週，分離自台灣茄科作物的8株青枯病（Rastonia solanacearum）菌株混合成10^8 cfu/ml懸浮液，於根部傷口接種，接種1與3週後平均罹病度已達67.5%與88.9%，經篩選具耐病植株定植於田間後仍出現陸續死亡現象，故茄子於最後可採收種子階段之存活率才可確認品種是否具抗性，不宜僅用苗期篩選結果。比較美國種原庫茄子種原於涼溫期（平均溫度25.9℃）育苗29天與50天，接種青枯病菌，接種後1週平均罹病度分別為16.3%與4.3%，接種後4週分別為65.7%與47.7%，顯示29天苗發病較50天苗嚴重，且29天苗發病較50天苗快。美國種原庫茄子單株選拔後裔篩選，於夏季高溫期育苗2週篩選後代與秋作涼溫期29天苗篩選後代，皆以'PI 386263'與'PI 418977'後裔最具耐病性，但有株系差異，仍須進一步純化抗性。收集自世界各地的39個茄子商業品種接種青枯病，其中以來自世界蔬菜中心作為番茄根砧品種'Stock 9'與'Stock eggplant'具有中等程度抗性。托魯巴姆（Solanum torvum）品種'Taiwan 233'具有高抗性。

關鍵字

茄子；青枯病；青枯病菌；抗病篩選；育種

並列摘要

Twenty-one eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) accessions from United States germplasm managing institute- the National Germplasm Resources Laboratory and two check cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to ＂Ralstonia solanacearum＂. Eight isolates of ＂R. solanacearum＂ collected from Solanum family crops in Taiwan which were mixed and inoculated in two-week-old seedlings in summer high temperature season (average temperature 30.2℃). After inoculation with 108 cfu/ml suspension by cutting root method, average disease severity of 23 accessions were 67.5% in 1 week and 88.9% in 3 weeks, respectively. Resistant or tolerant plants after seedling screening progressively wilt and die after planting. Resistance level of eggplant to ＂R. solanacearum＂ would not just come from results of seedling stage, but also in the final stage of seeds harvesting. Average disease severity of 23 accessions at 29 and 50 days seedlings stage inoculated with R. ＂solanacearum＂ is 16.3%, 4.3% for 1 week and 65.7%, 47.7% for 4 weeks after inoculation in cool temperature season (average temperature 25.9℃). Average disease severity of 29 days seedling was higher than 50 days seedling stage in 1 week or 4 weeks after inoculation. The progeny of 2 week seedlings inoculation ＂R. solanacearum＂ in summer high temperature season or 29 days seedlings in autumn cool temperature season had same results which 'PI 386263' and 'PI 418977' were most resistant, but needing more generation selfing and selection for its segregation in resistance to ＂R. solanacearum＂. Cultivars of 'Stock 9' and 'Stock eggplant' released by AVRDC were tolerance and ＂Solanum torvum＂ Swartz 'Taiwan 233' have resistance to ＂R. solanacearum＂ in 39 commercial eggplant cultivars coming from different countries of the world.

並列關鍵字

eggplant ； bacterial wilt ；＂Rastonia solanacearum＂； disease resistance selection ； breeding

國際替代計量

茄子抗青枯病篩選

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