氮肥及鉀肥對臺農2號番木瓜生長、果實品質及產量之影響

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Potassium Fertilizer on Growth, Fruit Quality and Yield of Tainung No.2 Papaya in Taiwan

邱展臺(Chan-Tai Chiu) ； 顏昌瑞(Chung-Ruey Yen)

《植物種苗》 17卷4期 (2015/12) Pp. 19-33

摘要

氮與鉀影響果樹生長與果實品質變化，但國內對施用氮肥和鉀肥對番木瓜（Carica papaya. L）之影響等相關研究仍然相當有限。因此本試驗探討氮肥、鉀肥施用量對臺農2號番木瓜生長、產量及果實品質之影響，試驗以複因子設計（3 X 3），氮肥施用量為0、150、300 g/plant/year N，鉀肥為0、120、240 g/plant/year K_2O各三種處理。試驗結果顯示，氮與鉀肥施用對木瓜莖生長、葉綠素含量及果實產量均有顯著增長效應；葉面積及葉片數的增加則僅受氮肥影響。此外，果實產量隨著氮肥與鉀肥的增量呈顯著線性增加，顯示較高氮及鉀施肥量（300及240 g/plant/year）可有效達到增產之效果。然而，氮肥及鉀肥施用對果肉顏色及三種類胡蘿蔔素（lycopene、β-cryptoxanthin及β-carotene）之含量均無顯著效應，而增加鉀肥施用量可提昇果實可溶性固形物。氮與鉀肥施用對番木瓜生長、果實品質及產量均無顯著交感效應。

關鍵字

番木瓜 ； 氮肥 ； 鉀肥

並列摘要

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are the most frequently associated with effects on fruit tree growth and fruit quality. However, little is known regarding this response in papaya trees. This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of N and K fertilization on the growth, yield and fruit quality in 'Tainung No.2' papaya. A multiple factorial design (3×3) was used with 3 fertilizing levels of N and K (0, 150, 300 grams of N and 0, 120, 240 grams of K_2O per plant per year, respectively). The result showed both N and K fertilization significantly increased stem circumference, chlorophyll content and fruit yield. N fertilization solely widened the leaf area and increased the leaves numbers. Furthermore, fruit yield increased linearly with the increment of nitrogen and potassium fertilization. However, the N and K fertilization had no significant effect on fruit quality characteristics, such as flesh color and content of three kinds of carotenoids (lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene). Increasing fertilization can improve the total soluble solids of fruit. N and K fertilization had no significant interaction effect on papaya growth, fruit quality and yield.

並列關鍵字

Carica papaya L. ； Nitrogen fertilizer ； Potassium fertilizer