抗戰前國民黨政治犯感化政策的分析—以南昌行營臨時感化院為個案

An Analysis of the Kuomintang's Reformatory Policy on CCP Political Criminals before the War of Resistance against Japan-Taking the Nanchang Headquarters Temporary Reformatory as an Example

王才友(Cai-You Wang)

《政大史粹》 19期 (2010/12) Pp. 1-44

https://doi.org/10.30384/CHNCCU.201012_(19).0001

摘要

感化院是18世紀歐洲國家為收容青少年犯罪而設立的感化機構。晚清以降傳入中國，國民政府建立以後，國民黨強化了感化院對中共政治犯感化的功能。本文試圖通過對南昌行營臨時感化院歷史的考察，分析國民黨對中共政治犯感化的政策設計和效果。我們認為，隨著剿共戰爭的不斷深入，為了消解中共政治動員所帶來的破壞性，蔣介石力爭通過感化院的打造，達到“三分軍事、七分政治”的強力功效。然而，房舍、經費、人員缺乏等問題卻使感化院的感化設計陷入困境，而中共被感化分子利用這一情形對抗國民黨的感化政策，從而導致感化院更多地充當了被動收容的角色，感化政策也並未實現其初衷。

關鍵字

抗戰前 ； 國共對峙 ； 感化政策 ； 南昌行營臨時感化院

並列摘要

Reformatory was set up by some European countries as an institute to reclaim the adolescents of crimes in the 18th century. It was introduced to China in the late Qing dynasty. After the establishment of the Nationalist government, Kuomintang strengthened the function of the reformatory on the CCP political criminals. This paper tries to analyze the strategy and its effectiveness of Kuomintang's reformatory on the CCP political criminals through a research on the history of the Nanchang Field Headquarters Temporary Reformatory. We hold that as the suppression of the Communists deepened, in order to get rid of the negative effects brought by the CCP's political mobilization, Chiang Kai-shek managed to establish reformatories to obtain the powerful effect of ”Relying mainly on politics, with military as a supplement”. However, the shortages of living places, expenses, hands, etc. put the plan of Reformatory into trouble. Meanwhile, the reformed CCP took advantages of this situation to oppose to the reformatory policy of Kuomintang, thus the reformatories became a passive refugee institute, and the reformatory policy didn't get its original purpose.

並列關鍵字

before the War of Resistance against Japan ； confrontation between CCP and Kuomintang ； reformatory policy ； Nanchang Field Headquarters Temporary Reformatory

參考文獻

《南昌行營、省政府、第九、十區行政督察專員公署、戈陽縣政府等關於為促「匪軍」崩潰對「匪兵」進行「叫話」、醫治、利用投誠自新分子的情形及嚴禁紳民威脅投誠「匪兵」繳售槍支等問題的訓令、指令、代電、呈》，江西省檔案館藏，J016-3-2183。"Nan chang xing ying、sheng zheng fu di jiu shi qu xing zheng yuan gong shu、yi yang xian zheng fu deng guan yu wei cu fei jun beng kui due fei bing jin xing jiao hua yi zhi li yong tou cheng zi xin fen zi de qing xing ji yan jin shen min wei xie tou xheng fei bing jiao shou qiang zhi deng wen ti de xun ling zhi ling dai dian cheng", Jiang xi sheng dang an guan, File No. J016-3-2183

《南昌行營、省政府關於投誠、被俘人員所述「匪情」及感想書面報告及湘鄂贛「匪黨」對各區組織與工作等問題的訓令、通報、代電呈》，江西省檔案館藏，J016-3-2179。"Nan chang xing ying、sheng zheng fu guan yu tou cheng bei fu ren yuan suo shu fei qing ji gan xiang shu mian bao ji xiang e gan fei dang dui ge qu zu zhi yu gong zuo deng wen ti de xun ling tong bao dai dian cheng", Jiang xi sheng dang an guan, File No. J016-3-2183.

《南昌行營、省政府、保安處、各特別區政治局、第二行政督察專員公署、各縣政府等單位關於招撫攜械投誠「匪方」官兵懲獎辦法、鄉府印旗、湘贛偽組織內容等問題的訓令、指令、代電、函、呈、月報表、一覽表》，江西省檔案館藏，J016-3-2182。"Nan chang xing ying、sheng zheng fu、bao an chu、ge te bie qu zheng zhi ju di er xing zheng du cha zhuan yuan gong shu ge xian zheng fu deng dan wei guan yu zhao fu xi xie tou cheng fei fang guan bing cheng Jiang ban fa、xiang fu yin qi、xiang gan wei zu zhi nei rong deng wen ti de xun ling、zhi ling、dai dian 、han 、cheng、yue bao biao、yi lan biao", Jiang xi sheng dang an guan, File No. J016-3-2182

《省政府、駐贛綏靖公署、尋烏縣政府關於判決「赤匪」範大明的指令，密令，呈》，江西省檔案館藏，J016-3-1224。"Sheng zheng fu、zhu gan jing sui gong shu 、xun wu xian zheng fu guan yu pan jue chi fei fan da ming de zhi ling, mi ling, cheng", Jiang xi sheng dang an guan, File No.J016-3-1224.

《省政府、永新縣政府關於槍決「匪犯」蔡普卿的指令，呈》，江西省檔案館，J016-3-1219。"Sheng zheng fu、yong xin xian zheng fu guan yu qiang jue fei fan cai pu qing de zhi ling、cheng", Jiang xi sheng dang an guan, File No.J016-3-1219.