單一圖形之凝視軌跡實驗研究

本研究爲探討人在觀看幾何圖形時，影響視覺運動的圖案造形因素爲何。透過「眼球運動追蹤儀」(eye movement tracking systems)的實驗設備，觀察視線運動的軌跡(scanpath)於單一圖形分佈的現象。在「圖形對稱的視線軌跡實驗研究」（傅銘傳等，2005：27）以多數圖形進行凝視實驗，其結果發現多數圖形並列於畫面時，圖形本身的傾斜、尖銳及黑白面積等造形特色是影響視覺於畫面中運動的重要因素，實驗中並發現視線的運動不受圖形編排的位置影響，而是受圖形本身造形變化的影響。其中受試者對「對稱」圖形並無較高的注視現象，對於「不對稱」的圖形，被凝視的時間、次數及視線反覆(return)次數較高。本實驗研究以相同的12個單一圖形，分別進行凝視軌跡的實驗分析，將單一圖形分爲四個象限，進一步觀察圖案造形結構與凝視軌跡分佈之關係。實驗數據發現，視線較不受圖形面積、銳角的影響，多以右上方凝視時間與次數較多。整體而言，受試者觀看單一圖形時，視線多集中於圖形的上半部，而當圖形出現局部傾斜而不穩定構圖時，視線則出現與其他圖形不一樣的軌跡分佈。單一圖形與多數圖形凝視實驗中，受試者共同的現象均是對「不對稱」圖形凝視時間與次數高於「對稱」圖形，顯示人的視覺對於幾何圖形中，具不規則變化且包含較多的細節資訊的「不對稱」造形圖案，凝視注意力高於造形規則的對稱圖形。

關鍵字

對稱；凝視；凝視軌跡；幾何圖形

並列摘要

The purpose of present research is to investigate how graphic design factors affect visual scanpaths. A video eyetracker was used to record the eye movements during subjects observing the experiment materials. In a previous study (Fu, et al., 2005), twelve graphic patterns with symmetrical or non-symmetrical structures were displayed in a single view for 30 seconds, during which the eye movement was recorded. Their results showed that the shape and structure of test patterns significantly affected the fixation duration, frequency, and scanpath-returns in the recorded scanpaths. Patterns with ”noisy” features, such as sharp edges, fragmentation, and tilts, i.e., unsymmetrical design factors, were looked more than those relatively ”stable” patterns with symmetrical design factors. Their results also showed that locations of which each test pattern displayed in the views did not affect the scanpaths. In the present study, the same twelve graphic patterns were presented individually, one by one, in a single display, and the scanpaths of viewing each pattern were recorded. The recorded scanpaths showed a tendency of looking upper portion for all patterns tested in the experiment. And as the findings of Fu, et al. (2005), patterns with noisy features that characterize unsymmetrical design factors got longer fixation duration and higher looking frequency than the symmetrical patterns.