日本基礎造形教育的發展

本研究藉由文獻探討與內容分析法回顧日本「基礎造形教育」的內容與精神，闡述其歷史之發展脈絡，同時從「基礎造形」的觀點，論述「基礎造形」的學術範疇及其地位。本研究之目的希望這個範籌在包含美術、雕塑、設計等等的造形藝術領域能夠廣泛的被認知，其理論的形成與教育實施的方式能作爲我們在實施設計教育上的參考，此外，並探討基礎造形的名詞釋義及理論基礎，探究構成教育的教育目標及其學術性，分析基礎造形教育的特色與內容，探求因應二十一世紀的新基礎造形教育的方向。結論中說明(1)「基礎造形教育」是處理有關於在所有造形表現中，相互共通的基礎且重要的問題，透過理論的探討及實際製作，來進行專門性的教育及研究。(2)「基礎造形教育」是一門普遍性的學問，它是以培養學生的創造力與美感爲目標，能夠提升自我的審美能力及創造力，也可以提高國民的生活水準。(3)基礎造形是由視覺領域中心的造形世界出發，用五感來體驗感性，也擴大了身體感應的造形範圍。(4)日本的基礎造形教育並非一味因襲包浩斯的教育內容，藉由社會、技術的變遷，有些教學觀念會透過各種改革方式來改進。

關鍵字

基礎造形；造形教育；設計教育

並列摘要

In this research, we try to review the content and the spirit of ”Fundamentals of Design and Art” in Japan by document researching and content analyzing to describe its development in the history; at the same time, to discuss its academic status and field from its own point of view. One of our purposes is to make the Formation Art, including find art, painting, sculpture and design and etc., well known and widely used by the public, we hope that the processes and methods of theory can be helpful to enhance practical teaching program; we define its special terms and the basis of theory; we study its academic goals; we explain its features and what the contents of it are; and we try to find out the new direction of ”Fundamental Design and Art Education” in our new century. We, therefore, got 4 conclusions as shown below: 1. ”Fundamentals Design and Art Education” is a course, which tackles the mutual basis and essential problem in all the expression of formation. We can precede professional education and research through discussions of the practice of theory. 2. ”Fundamentals Design and Art Education” is a common knowledge learning, which can train and stimulate students' creation in aesthetics, reinforce their ability of enjoying the art, and improve their quality of actual life consequentially. 3. ”Fundamentals Design and Art Education” starts from the center of the essence of visual world, to apply our own senses of feeling: seeing, smelling, hearing, tasting and touching firstly to the actual objects, then enlarging the range of various different formations around your life. 4. ”Fundamentals Design and Art Education” in Japan does not just imitate the educational method of Bauhaus. Sometimes the teaching concepts change and improve in a wide variety of ways through their own social and cultural advincement.