夜市的美麗與哀愁－夜市管理制度之探討

國內各地饒富特色的夜市已為國人日常飲食、娛樂休閒生活不可或缺的一環，近年更成為發展觀光、文化宣傳的重點之一。但在高度都市化的臺灣社會，夜市常造成環保、衛生、交通等方面的負擔，也時常引發鄰近居民抵制與持續的衝突。面對此種「空間摩擦型」鄰避利用方式，本文認為，傳統上強調高權管制、秩序維護的夜市（攤販）管理規範，恐怕難以在住民利益、市民需求、觀光效益、業者營利價值、甚至夜市本身具有的歷史文化意義間，進行均衡的考量。現行六都直轄市所訂頒的規範，雖有部分已意識此點，但相關要件仍有未盡明確或流於形式之處，難以達成化解鄰避爭議的目標。本文建議，在選定夜市地點或核發夜市營業許可前，應以此為目標強化民眾參與程序，以引導溝通、凝聚共識；現有的環境影響評估制度中民眾參與程序與運作經驗，應可配合夜市經營的特質，參酌轉化為夜市管理規範之一環。

關鍵字

夜市；鄰避效益；環境負荷；都市土地使用分區；民眾參與

並列摘要

Taiwan is a highly urbanized society. The night market always represents a local convenient way for entertainment and leisure, which becomes a familiar part of our daily life. However, because of its negative effects (pollutions, health problems, and traffic burden ... etc.), the night market often leads to resistance and consistent conflict from neighborhood. Although the current law is aware of the impacts of night market as NIMBY (not in my back yard) facilities, but adopts mostly authoritative regulations, in order to obtain and maintain control of street vendors and night markets. The present study points out, that an effective solution to night market problems should base on good informed communication and participation of all related groups before a decision is made. To archive due process of law, not only the operators of night markets, vendors and residents should be invited, but also organizations of public interests, general citizens should join the procedure and express their ideas or demands. So can acceptable and rational decision of night markets be enhanced, on the other hand, the economic, cultural, social and historical meanings of night markets can be appropriatly evaluated. The current regulations in ＂Environmental Impact Assessment Act＂ and the experiences, while those regulations are put through, should be very valuable to design and enforce the participation procedures into the regulation of the night markets.

並列關鍵字

Night Market ； NIMBY Effect ； Environmental Burden ； Land Use Zoning of Urban Area ； Public Participation

參考文獻

Huber, Peter M.、黃相博譯(2015)。在中小學與大學之受教育權。世新法學。8(2)，385-413。

Google Scholar

中華民國交通部觀光局（2015），《中華民國103 年來臺旅客消費及動向調查》，http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/upload/statistic/20160810/f2dd9cf1-6c06-4ce8-8040-41f7cc7d3c55.pdf（最後瀏覽日：2017/1/12）。