遠遊的共鳴：《兩個芙烈達‧卡蘿》、《驅魔》的自我定位

台灣旅遊敘事蘊含豐盈的主題與創新的形式，隱喻空間與心境的互涉。作家善用遊記與小說的交相纏繞，於旅人移動及場景轉換上產生超越文體特質的藝術效果。例如施叔青《兩個芙烈達‧卡蘿》（2001）以西班牙及葡萄牙之旅為經、並與墨西哥女畫家芙烈達‧卡蘿的對話為緯，透露作者對於認同與創作的思索。台灣與墨西哥受到大航海時代海權爭奪的影響，皆經歷西班牙殖民的命運。施叔青在面對天安門事件後的身分認同焦慮，將自己拋離熟悉的環境，逃開壓抑的氛圍後，透過此書從他方反饋家鄉。另一部作品《驅魔》（2005）則是義大利景點的遊記結合小說，呈現虛實交錯的結構。以小說人物追尋已逝青春及慾求為素材，女作家藉由後設的書寫策略，試圖驅逐心魔並自我實現。旅遊書寫多以實地跨界之旅為軸線，不僅與人物親密跨時空心靈交流，並呈現反芻國族命運史及性別認同的特殊質性。故本文分析家國大敘事到個人離散經驗及創作史的小敘事，從遠遊的距離和視角、小說中的國族與性別兩層面，以呈現施叔青遠遊書寫的特色。

關鍵字

旅遊小說；離散；認同；《兩個芙烈達‧卡蘿》；《驅魔》

並列摘要

Taiwan's travel writers have run the gamut of narrative themes and forms, metaphorically addressing the interplay between space and mood. Writers tend to weave novel storylines into their travel writings, creating an artistic effect that transcends the literary form itself via traveler movement and scenery change. In her book Two Frida Kahlos (2001), Taiwanese writer Shi Shuqing, amid a narrative of travel around Spain and Portugal, presents a dialogue with the Mexican painter Frida Kahlo, in which the writer contemplates topics such as identity and writing. Taiwan and Mexico were greatly affected by proxy wars during the Age of Discovery, and both experienced colonization by Spain. After the Tiananmen Incident, Shi Shuqing responded to her anxieties over identity by removing herself from the familiar and taking leave of a repressive atmosphere; thus, Two Frida Kahlos is a dialogue between her home Taiwan and the away-from-home. Another one of her works, Exorcism (2005), finds form in notes on Italian tourist spots threaded into a novel, manifesting in an intersecting structure of fact and fiction. The characters in the book pursue youth and desires of days gone by, and by employing a meta-writing strategy the female author undergoes exorcism and self-actualization. Through the writings about her journeys abroad, Shi not only exchanges opinions and develops intimacy with the characters, she also reflects upon the unique histories and destinies of a nation's people. Through two major aspects-Shi's perspective from abroad and the writing strategies-this paper aims to analyze different narratives in the books, ranging from more serious issues like a nation's history to a more personal experience of diaspora and the history of creation, so as to present the writing characteristic employed by the author.