Patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease are often limited in walking tolerance because of insufficient blood flow. Many reports have demonstrated that exercise training not only can improve their walking tolerance, but also promote their aerobic capacity and performance of functional activities. This article briefly introduces the general perspectives of peripheral arterial occlusive disease and emphasizes on exercise-related issues, including exercise testing, exercise prescription, effects of exercise training, and its possible mechanism. Physical therapists should be familiarized with these concepts and incorporate them into clinical practice.