個人化運動訓練對運動員體適能之效益

Effect of Individualized Exercise Training on Physical Fitness of Athletes

傅麗蘭(Li-Lan Fu)

《物理治療》 25卷5期 (2000/09) Pp. 278-283

摘要

研究目的：本研究的目的乃是探討一項個人化的運動訓練對改善橄欖球校隊球員體適能之功效。方法：總計２２位校隊球員參與本研究。研究記錄他們的基本資料並評估體適能，包括最大耗氧量，垂直跳高高度，單次臥舉最大重量。在心肺耐力訓練方面，運動強度是以運動測試所得的最大運動心跳的70%-80%為訓練的漂準。肌力訓練是以各肌肉群的單次收縮最大重量的50%、60%及70%做三回，每回10次。心肺耐力訓練是每星期一、三、五；肌力訓練則是每星期的二、四、六，總共訓練六星期。結果：22位球員中有９名前鋒，１３名後衛。兩組之間的平均年齡及身高並沒有差別，但在體重、體脂肪比例、身體質量指數、最大耗氧量、垂直跳高高度，及單次臥舉最大重量等項，前鋒和後衛有統計上明顯的差異。在訓練後，整組在最大耗氧量，垂直跳高高度，及單次臥舉最大重量均有明顯的進步，而且前鋒及後衛的進步情形並沒有差別。結論：以個人化之運動訓練可以有效的改善橄欖球校隊球員之體適能，物理治療人員可以協助擬定合適的運動處方。

關鍵字

橄欖球 ； 體適能 ； 運動訓練

並列摘要

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individualized exercise training on physical fitness of university rugby players. Methods：Twenty-two subjects from university rugby team were assessed for subject characteristics and physical fitness including maximal oxygen consumption, vertical jump height, and bench press one repetition maximum (1RM). Maximal oxygen consumption was determined by Quinton Metabolic Cart (QMC, Quinton) using Bruce protocol all treadmill (ST65, Quinton). Vertical jump height was determined by the difference of standing reach and jump-reach. The best of three trials was recorded. Bench press 1 RM was determined by the maximal weight for one repetition using a weight training system. For endurance training, the training intensity was 70%-80% of maximal heart rate determined from maximal exercise test. For strength training, major muscle groups were exercised at 50%, 60%, and 70% of 1RM of each muscle groups. Endurance training was executed on Mon., Wed., Fri., and strength training on Tue, Thu., and Sat. for 4 weeks. Subject was reassessed for physical fitness again after the training. Results: There were 9 forwards and 13 backwards in this study. No significant difference in age and height but significant difference in weight, body fat percentage, body mass index, maximal oxygen consumption, vertical jump height, and bench press 1 RM were found between forwards and backwards. After training, there were significant improvement in maximal oxygen consumption, vertical jump height, and bench press 1 RM. The improvement in these variables was not significantly different between forwards and backwards. Conclusion: The individualized training program improved physical fitness of university rugby players significantly. This program demonstrated to be an effective way to enhance their physical fitness. Physical therapist could help develop exercise prescription for athletes.

並列關鍵字

Rugby ； Physical fitness ； Exercise training