優秀競技體操選手運動動機氣候、賽前狀態焦慮與運動表現之相關研究

The Correlational Study of Elitecompetitive Gymnastic Athletes' Perceived Motivational Climate, State of Anxiety and Sport Performance

黃淑貞(Shu-Chen Huang)

《大專體育學刊》 4卷1期 (2002/07) Pp. 129-136

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.200207_4(1).0011

摘要

本研究的主要目的在探討競技體操選手的運動動機氣候、賽前狀態焦慮對運動表現的影響。研究對象為八十六年臺灣區運動會的競技體操選手，共95名，男生36名，女生59名，平均年齡16歲，所採用之量表為「運動動機氣候量表」、「賽前狀態焦慮量表」於賽前l小時現場實施問卷填答，資料分析採用皮爾遜積差相關、逐步迴歸分析、邏輯迴歸分析、變異數分析，研究結果顯示：（一）自我取向氣候的知覺愈高，其賽前身休性焦慮與認知性焦慮也愈高。（二）運動經驗愈豐富者，其賽前自信心愈高，運動表現愈好。（三）工作取向氣候與賽前自信心呈正相關，而自我取向氣候的知覺與賽前認知性、身體性焦慮呈正相關，運動表現與身體性焦慮、認知性焦慮呈負相關。（四）工作取向氣候的知覺愈高，且自我取向氣候的知覺愈低，其賽前身體性焦慮愈低，自信心愈高和認知性焦慮愈低，則可預測其運動表現會愈好。（五）運動動機氣候與賽前狀態焦慮在性別上並無明顯差異。

關鍵字

運動動機氣候 ； 賽前狀態焦慮 ； 運動表現

並列摘要

In this report, the effects of perceived motivational climate and state of anxiety on the performance of competitive gymnastic athletes were investigated. Subjects of this survey were those competitors who participated in the 1997 Taiwanese Gymnastic Competition. The 95 surveyed athletes consisted of 36 male and 59 female with an average age at 16 years old. The athletes were asked to fill out the questionnaires one hour before their respective contests. The data were analyzed by the Pearson product-moment correlation, stepwise regression analysis, Logistic of Regression Analysis and analysis of variance. The following results were obtained: (1) Atheletes with stronger perceptions of ego-oriented climates had higher pre-game somatic and cognitive anxieties. (2) The more experienced Athletes had higher confidence and better performance. (3) The pre game self- confidence was positively related to the task-oriented climate. The self-oriented climate was positively related to the pre game cognition and somatic anxiety. The athletes' performance was negatively correlated to the somatic anxiety and the cognitive anxiety. (4) The athletes with higher task-oriented climates perception had lower ego-oriented climates, somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety. They also had higher confidence and better performance could be expected from them. (5) Differences of perceived motivational climate and state of anxiety between male and female athletes were insignificant.

並列關鍵字

perceived motivational climate ； state of anxiety ； sport performance

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