Wrestling competitions are categorized according to body weights. Most wrestlers maintain body weights higher than their specific weight classes in the training period, then try to lose weights using various methods prior to the competition. Between weighing in and competition, wrestlers usually eat certain foods to recover from the loss of strength and endurance during the weight-cutting period. This paper summarized the physiological characteristics of wrestlers and the effects of rapid dehydration and weight cycling on anaerobic power, muscle strength and endurance, resting metabolic rate, and protein nutrition. Most studies suggested that dehydration or weight cycling had negative impacts on the aforementioned physiological factors. It is concluded that to maintain stable and reasonable body weight and minimize the frequency of rapid dehydration or weight cycling are important issues for wrestlers and their coaches.