女子體操選手的體重期望落差、身體形象知覺與飲食態度之關係研究

Differences in Desired Weight, Body Image, and Eating Attitudes among Elite Female Gymnasts

葉素汝(Suh-Ruu Yeh) ； 盧俊宏(Frank Jing-Horng Lu)

《大專體育學刊》 6卷3期 (2004/10) Pp. 105-116

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.200410_6(3).0009

摘要

本研究主要目的在探討女子體操選手的體重期望落差、實際體型與期望體型，以及身體形象知覺與飲食態度的差異和相關。本研究以92年全運會55位女子體操選手為受試對象，平均年齡為15.93±3.66歲。本研究使用「個人的基本資料問卷」、「身體形象量表」、「飲食態度量表」等三種研究工具，經描述統計、卡方檢定(χ^2)、獨立樣本t考驗以及皮爾森積差相關分析，所得結果如下：一、女子體操選手有著明顯的體重期望落差，且實際體型與期望體型具有顯著差異。二、韻律體操選手對瘦的渴望高於競技體操選手。三、競技體操選手與韻律體操選手的身體形象知覺沒有顯著差異，但兩者對自己的身體形象皆不滿意。四、競技體操選手與韻律體操選手的飲食態度沒有顯著差異，但兩組體操選手有著明顯的飲食失常。五、女子體操選手的身體形象知覺與飲食態度沒有相關。本研究發現大抵支持過去相關文獻，但女子體操選手的身體形象知覺與飲食態度沒有相關，不支持Garner、Garfinkel和Bonato(1987)預測，但支持Walsh、Speed和Morris(2003)及Zigler、Khoo、Sherrb、Nelson、Larson和Drewnowski(1998)之研究。

關鍵字

女子體操選手 ； 體重期望落差 ； 身體形象知覺 ； 飲食態度

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of body image, desired body weight and body shape, and eating attitudes among elite female gymnasts. Participants included 55 female gymnasts who participated in the 2003 Taiwan Games. After gaining permission from the gymnasts' coaches, participants signed consent forms and completed a demographic data questionnaire, a Multidimensional Body-Self Relation Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and an Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979). Chi-square revealed significant differences between participants' real body weight and shape and desired body weight and shape. Also, an independent t-test revealed that in comparison with competitive gymnasts, rhythmic gymnasts desired to be thinner. All the gymnasts were dissatified with their body shape, but there was no significant difference between the rhythmic gymnasts and the competitive gymnasts. Rhythmic gymnasts and competitive gymnasts had no differences in eating attitudes but they had significant eating disorders as compared to the norm. Moreover, correlation analyses found there was no significant correlation between participants' body shape and eating attitudes.

並列關鍵字

female gymnasts ； difference in desired weight ； body image ； eating attitude

參考文獻

Brown, T. A.,Cash. T. F.,Mikulka, P. J.(1990).Attitudinal body image assessment: Factor analysis of the Body Self Relations Questionnaire.Journal of Personality Assessment.55,135-144.

Davis, C.,Cowles, M.(1989).A comparison of weight and diet concerns and personality factors among female athletes and non-athletes.Journal of Psychosomatic Research.33(5),527-536.

Deurenberg-Yap, M.,Yian, T. B.,Kai, C. S.,Deurenberg, P.,Staveren, W. A.(1999).Manifestation of cardiovascular risk factor at low levels of body mass index and waist-tohip ratio in Singaporean Chinese.Asia Pacific Journal of Clinic Nutrition.8(3),177-183.

Freeson, P. S.,Mihevic, P. M,Loucks, A. B.,Girandola, R. N.(1983).Physique, body composition, and psychological characteristics of competitive female body builders.The Physician and Sport Medicine.11(5),85-93.

Garner, D. M.,Garfinkel, P. E.(1979).The eating attitudes test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa.Psychological Medicine.9,273-279.