太極拳〈十三勢行功心解〉的精神詞義詮釋

本文談論太極拳的「精神」，主要目的在探討〈十三勢行功心解〉中，「精神能提得起」、「內固精神」、「全身意在精神」，這三個「精神」詞語在拳典中的真實意義為何？根據現代系統科學的角度而言，可將人體視作一個開放的系統，它是一個可以調節的機制，而非固定不變的物體，從這個觀點接續傳統身心合一，天人合一（有別於西方身心二元論）的思想來探討拳典中的「精神」真義。本研究經過討論後，發現「精神」包含有三個面向，首先，找到人體奇經八脈的總樞「會陰穴」，作為「精神」身體空間座標的內固起點，以此連接學者的身軀，作為「精神」的身體空間座標面向；其次，從太極拳屬於氣功修煉的這項事實，根據「精、氣、神」的修煉過程與階段，以此修煉「精、氣、神」的內涵，作為「精神」在體內流動或轉化的內涵面向（先天氣的作為）；再其次，是以「心神的狀態」作為「精神」的驅動主宰面向，由此三個面向共同支架，共同烘托出屬於太極拳的「精神」實貌與意義。

關鍵字

精；氣；神；會陰穴

並列摘要

This study attempts to explore the real signification of Jing Shen (精神) in the canonical texts of Tai-Chi Chuan. It will take as points of departure the three key usages of this terminology in Shi-San-Shi-Xing-Gong-Xin-Jie (十三勢行功心解), namely ”Jing Shen that can be lifted,” ”inward adherence to Jing Shen,” and ”the whole body centering on Jing She.” It will read Jing Shen in light of both the modern systems science that takes human body as an open system constantly destabilized by the mechanism of modulation, and also the traditional Chinese thinking on the unification of the mind and the body, in contrast to the mind/body binary thinking in the West, as well as the unification of the cosmos and the human being. Three aspects of Jing Shen have been mapped out as result: (1) the perineum acupuncture point serving as the inner adherence center to connect the whole body and thus functioning as the corporeal spatial coordinate of Jing Shen; (2) the process of practicing Jing (精), Chi (氣), Shen (神) testifying the inner circulation or transformation of Jing Shen under the working of innate Chi; (3) the state of the mind and attention operating as the dominant driving force for Jing Shen. Configured by these three major aspects, the Jing Shen of Tai-Chi Chuan could thus be truly embodied in its full signification.