太極拳運動對老年人步態平衡與下肢關節生物力學之影響

Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Balance and Biomechanics of Lower Extremity during Gait among the Elderly

陳柏潔(Po-Chieh Chen) ； 黃長福(Chen-Fu Huang)

《大專體育學刊》 18卷2期 (2016/06) Pp. 101-113

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1802.003

摘要

老化會導致肌肉力量、姿勢平衡及步態穩定性退化。研究發現太極拳運動有助於改善老年人肌力與靜態平衡能力，但對於是否有助於改善老年人步態的平衡及肌肉控制能力，仍需深入探討。因此，本研究目的為探討從事太極拳運動對老年人步態平衡與下肢關節生物力學之影響。利用紅外線攝影系統與兩塊測力板，同步收集15名從事太極拳運動老年人與15名對照組老年人步行時之三維空間座標及地面反作用力，經運動學及逆動力學運算出關節角度、角位移、壓力中心位移、關節力矩及功率等參數。研究結果發現：太極拳組走路速度較快且步長較長，其壓力中心位移與面積皆顯著小於控制組。太極拳組在制動期有較大的膝關節最大伸展力矩及髖關節功率；在推蹬期太極拳組膝關節活動範圍及功率亦顯著大於控制組。故本研究結論認為從事太極拳運動能有效地增進髖、膝關節能量產生改善老年人步行時的穩定性以及步行速度。

關鍵字

老化 ； 關節力矩 ； 功率

並列摘要

Aging degrades muscle strength, postural balance and walking stability. Tai Chi exercise has been demonstrated to improve muscle strength and postural stability, but the effects on gait among elderly are still unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Tai Chi exercise on balance control and lower extremity biomechanics during gait of the elderly. A motion capture system and two force plates were used to collect the kinematic patterns and ground reaction forces of 15 Tai Chi elderly (TCG) and 15 leisure exercise elderly (CG) participants during walking. Joint angle, joint range of motion, displacement of center of pressure, joint moment and power were calculated by using kinematic and inverse dynamic approach. Results of this study showed that the elders in TCG walked faster and had longer step length than the elders in CG. The maximum flexion angle in the hip and knee were greater in TCG than the CG during the stance phase. The displacement and area of center of pressure were smaller among elderly in TCG than those of the CG. The TCG had greater knee extension moment and hip power during the braking phase, as well as greater knee power and range of motion during the propulsive phase compared to CG. This study concluded that Tai Chi exercise could improve stability and walking speed of the elderly due to superior energy generation in the hip and knee.

並列關鍵字

aging ； joint moment ； power

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