肥胖兒童以不同步速下階梯對下肢關節負荷之影響

Effects of Different Gait Cadences on Lower Extremity Joint Loading during Stair Descent in Obese Children

蔣瀧皓(Hao-Lung Chiang) ； 翁梓林(Tzu-Lin Wong) ； 張博涵(Po-Han Chang)

《大專體育學刊》 18卷2期 (2016/06) Pp. 114-125

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1802.004

摘要

本研究目的為探討肥胖兒童以60步／分、90步／分、120步／分及自然步速等四種不同步速下階梯對 下肢關節負荷之影響。以12名肥胖兒童（年齡：12.0 ± 0.2 歲；BMI: 30.07 ± 2.10 kg/m^2）與12名正常體重兒童（年齡：12.0 ± 0.2歲；BMI: 17.38 ± 1.32 kg/m^2）為受試對象。實驗儀器以一部高速攝影機與一臺測力板使用同步方法擷取下階梯動作，再以Kwon3D動作分析系統及DASYLab 6.0分析軟體處理取得運動學、地面反作用力及壓力中心；實驗資料並進一步結合肢段慣性參數，利用逆動力學的方法運算獲得下肢段各關節的力矩、功及功率。研究結果發現：肥胖組在著地期有較大的下肢關節肌肉力矩，而在踝關節作負功量部分，肥胖和步速達交互作用，在肥胖組下階梯時則發現60步／分與90步／分顯著大於其他兩組，並且會隨著步行速度增加而減少作負功量；當步速為60步／分與90步／分下階梯時，肥胖組會產生較多的負功。另外，膝關節與髖關節的作正功部分，肥胖組也顯著少於正常組。本研究結論：肥胖兒童下階梯時與步行速度存在必然關係，且在較低的步速下，肥胖兒童因踝關節需要緩衝較多能量及髖關節產生較少正功，而導致下肢關節疼痛風險。

關鍵字

關節力矩 ； 關節作功 ； 能量吸收

並列摘要

IThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different gait cadences on lower extremity joint loading during stair descent in obese children. Twelve obese children (age = 12.0 ± 0.2 years, BMI = 30.07 ± 2.10 kg/m^2) and 12 non-obese children (age = 12.0 ± 0.2 years, BMI = 17.38 ± 1.32 kg/m^2) were recruited as the participants in this study. All participants were performed a stair descent task under four different conditions of gait cadences (self-paced, 60, 90 and 120 steps/min). A mega high-speed camera synchronized with an ATMI force plate was used to collect data during the landing phase of stair descent. The Kwon 3D and DASYLab 6.0 software were applied to analyze the kinematic data, ground reaction force and center of pressure. The joint moment, joint work and joint power of lower limb were calculated by the inverse dynamics method. Results indicated an interaction between group and gait cadences in negative work of the ankle joint. The obese group demonstrated a greater negative work of the ankle joint at 60 and 90 steps/min conditions than 120 steps/min and self-paced conditions. While walking at the speed of 60 and 90 steps/min, the obese group showed a larger negative work of the ankle joint compared to the non-obese group. Furthermore, the obese group demonstrated a smaller positive work of the hip joint than the non-obese group. These findings indicate that children’s body mass influences their gait cadences during stair descent. Obese children increase the risk for lower-extremity joint injury during the stair descent at lower cadences due to a weaker capacity of gait compensation that is resulting from more negative work at the ankle joint and less positive work at the hip joint.

並列關鍵字

joint moment ； joint work ； energy absorption

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