社經地位與體能活動之關連性：檢視生理、心理、社會需求的中介效果

Relationship Between Socio-Economic Status and Physical Activity: Mediating Effect of Physiological, Psychological and Social Demands

蕭瑞民(Jui-Min Hsiao) ； 林大森(Da-Sen Lin) ； 陳世昌(Shieh-Chang Chen)

《大專體育學刊》 21卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 1-16

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.201903_21(1).0001

摘要

教育部於2013年1月1日成立體育署，以促進我國體育運動之革新與發展，並期望達成「全民運動」之目標。然而，臺灣民眾自發性的體能活動還有進步空間，普遍存在些許運動阻礙，本研究目的旨在探討個人從事體能活動與哪些因素有關？這些因素彼此之間的關連性又如何？本研究以生理、心理與社會需求為解釋變項，分析其與個人從事體能活動之關連。分析資料取材自中央研究院社會學研究所（以下簡稱中研院社會所）2007年執行的「臺灣社會變遷基本調查計畫第五期第三次休閒組問卷」，方法上則以結構方程模式進行分析。分析結果顯示：臺灣民眾的社會經濟地位、身體健康狀況顯著關連著生理、心理及社會需求，這三項需求也與體能活動有關，然而，社經地位並不會直接關連著體能活動，而是以三項需求作為中介，模型顯示了「完全中介」的路徑效果。本研究結論為：除了生理之外，政府應建立符合人們心理與社會需求的體育設施，例如打造讓女性安心的運動專區、增加親子瑜伽等課程，強化社區活動中心的交誼功能。

關鍵字

身體健康 ； 結構方程模式 ； 全民運動

並列摘要

According to the Ministry of Education (January 2013), Sports Administration aims to promote Taiwan's sports renovation and development to achieve the goal of ＂sports for all.＂ However, still there are several issues to improve and obstacles to handle in order to encourage Taiwanese voluntary participation in physical activity. This study examined the factors that are associated with physical activities and explored the inter-correlations among these factors. In this study, physiological, psychological, and social demands were assessed. The data were drawn from the questionnaire on the third leisure group of the fifth edition of the Basic Survey on Social Change in Taiwan done by the Institute of Social Sciences Academia Sinica in 2007. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the associations. The results show that socio-economic and health status of Taiwanese people was significantly correlated with physiological, psychological, and social demands. These three types of demands were also positively correlated with physical activity. Social status, however, was directly correlated with physical activity. Three kinds of demands appear to act as mediators. This structural equation modeling reveals a possible effect upon the path of ＂completely mediating effect.＂ We conclude that in addition to physiological factors, government should establish more sports facilities that meet psychological and social demands, such as creating a sports area for gender compatibility, increasing parent-child yoga programs and strengthening the social networking of the community fitness center.

並列關鍵字

health ； structural equation modeling ； sports for all

參考文獻

陳坤虎、王心寧、王鵬智、陳依蘭、葉在庭（2014）。以生理心理社會模式探討大一新生心理健康之風險及資源因子。輔仁醫學期刊，12 卷 4 期，239-251 頁。doi:10.3966/181020932014121204004[Chen, K.-H., Wang, H.-N., Wang, P.-C., Chen, Y.-L., & Yeh, Z.-T. (2014). Investigating risk and resource factors of freshmen’s mental health: A biopsychosocial model. Fu-Jen Journal of Medicine, 12(4), 239-251. doi:10.3966/181020932014121204004]

李雅珍、吳姿誼、邱恩琦、凃富籌、謝清麟（2012）。中風病患整體健康相關生活品質之關聯因素探討。職能治療學會雜誌，30 卷 1 期，53-67 頁。doi:10.6594/JTOTA.2012.30(1).03[Lee, Y.-C., Wu, Z.-I., Chiu, E.-C., Twu, F.-C., & Hsieh, C.-L. (2012). Factors predicting overall healthrelated quality of life in patients with stroke. Journal of Occupational Therapy Association R.O.C., 30(1), 53-67. doi:10.6594/JTOTA.2012.30(1).03]

Ahlskog, J. E., Geda, Y. E., Graff-Radford, N. R., & Petersen, R. C. (2011). Physical exercise as a preventive or disease-modifying treatment of dementia and brain aging. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86(9), 876-884. doi:10.4065/mcp.2011.0252

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173

Bongaarts, J. (2014). The impact of family planning programs on unmet need and demand for contraception. Studies in Family Planning, 45(2), 247-262. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00387.x