健身運動者自我對話問卷之發展與檢驗

Development and Validation of the Exerciser Self-Talk Questionnaire

王亭文(Ting-Wen Wang) ； 劉佳哲(Chia-Che Liu) ； 劉品坊(Pin-Fang Liu)

《大專體育學刊》 21卷2期 (2019/06) Pp. 126-139

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.201906_21(2).0003

摘要

本研究目的為發展適用於探討健身運動者自我對話的測量工具。研究以兩階段進行，第一階段是以王亭文、李偉萍、盧俊宏於2016年探討健身運動者自我對話質性研究結果，來發展初步問卷題項，接著進行探索性因素分析、題目鑑別度與內部一致性確認初步問卷結構；研究對象為每週3次、每次30分鐘以上規律運動的健身運動者，包含男性103位及女性75位；平均年齡22.9歲；平均運動年資7.50年。第二階段則進行驗證性因素分析，並以運動表現策略量表與競賽心理狀態量表之相關分量表作效標關聯效度之檢驗；研究對象資格如第一階段，包含男性158位及女性182位；平均年齡33.0歲；平均運動年資10.55年。研究結果顯示，探索性因素分析萃取出四個因素，分別為正向－指導性、正向－激勵性、負向及反思，共計20題，總解釋變異量為65.71％；第二階段驗證性因素顯示模式具有良好的適配度；分量表內部一致性介於.81～.91之間；效標關聯效度檢驗亦符合本研究假設，顯示本問卷具有良好的信、效度。本研究根據結果做以下結論，本問卷具備初步良好的信、效度結果，未來研究者可利用此測量工具探討健身運動者自我對話之影響，亦需其他研究提供支持或再檢驗問卷之適切性。

關鍵字

驗證性因素分析 ； 運動表現策略量表 ； 競賽心理狀態量表 ； 探索性因素分析

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new measurement tool, the ＂Exerciser Self-Talk Questionnaire (ESTQ),＂ to examine exercisers' self-talk in exercise settings. This study was carried out in two phases. The first stage involved 103 males and 75 females (mean [M] age = 22.9 years) who have 7.50 years of experience and exercise regularly for more than 30 min per day, three times a week. Its purpose was to generate a questionnaire item pool predicated on the results from past qualitative research conducted by Wang, Lee, and Lu in 2016. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), item discrimination and internal consistency were used to examine initial factorial structure and internal consistency of the ESTQ. The second research stage then drew on a sample of 158 males and 182 females (M age= 33.0 years) with 10.55 years of experience. During this stage confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to confirm factorial validity, and examine the criterion-related validity via correlations of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) and Competition Mental State Scale (CMSS). The EFA results show that the four-factor model of ESTQ (positive-instructional, positive-motivational, negative, and reflection) accounted for a total explained variance of 65.71%. The findings of CFA support the application of the overall measurement model, indicating a good fit. Cronbach's α of each subscale ranged from .81-.91, and the criterion-related validity is also consistent with the hypotheses. This study makes the following conclusions based on the results: evidence suggests that the ESTQ provides initial psychometric reliability and validity; future studies may use this measurement to explore the influence of self-talk on exercisers' behavior. Further research is needed to examine the appropriateness of the questionnaire.

並列關鍵字

exploratory factor analysis ； Test of Performance Strategies ； Competition Mental State Scale ； confirmatory factor analysis

參考文獻

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