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聽覺障礙兒童國語塞擦音聲學特質分析研究

A Study on Acoustic Characteristics of Mandarin Affricates of Hearing-Impaired Children

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摘要


The study aims to explore the acoustic characteristics of Mandarin affricates pronounced by normal children and mainstreamed hearing-impaired children. The subjects of the study included 35 normal children and 16 hearing-impaired children who returned to the general classed in Taiwan City in the academic year of 1997-1998. The speech analysis software by Dr. Speech & Real Speech was used as the tool to investigate the acoustic characteristics of Mandarin affricates pronounced by normal children and hearing-impaired children as well as speech errors of affricates made by hearing-impaired children. And it is our hope that the result of this study will be used for reference in the education of hearing-impaired children and in the research on the speech of hearing-impaired children. The mail findings of this study are shown as follows:1. Acoustics characteristics of affricates pronounced by normal children: (1) Occurrence of release burst (%): 67.5%. The occurrence of release burst in retroflex is the highest in percentage. (2) Voice onset time: 20-400ms, 115ms on average. Divided into aspirated sounds and unaspirated sounds (t=11.03, p< .001). (3) Rise time of fricative noise: 0-180ms, 55ms on average, 64ms for apical-dental, 50ms for retroflex, and 52ms for alveolo-palatal. Divided into aspirated sounds and unaspirated sounds (t=6.59, p<.001). (4) Maximum frequency of energy in the fricative noise: 2381-4681 Hz, 3967 Hz on average. Minimum frequency of energy in the fricative noise: 1601-2762 Hz, 2040 Hz on average. Retroflex have the narrowest distribution range in the maximum and minimum frequency of energy in the fricative noise. (5) Pitch: 277-292 Hz. It indicates that a significant change in the pitch will not occur due to different speech methods.2.Acoustic characteristics of unclear speech and speech errors of affricates pronounced by haring-impaired children(1) The occurrence of release burst in affricates is lower in percentage, suggesting a worse accuracy in controlling the movement of the vocal tract. (2) There are a longer voice onset time and a wider distribution range of affricates. It is obvious that the voice onset time in pronouncing affricates is lengthened. Besides, some hearing-impaired students have longer voice, whereas some have too short voice, indicating a poor control of time. (3) The rise time for the fricative noise is longer, and the variation is bigger. This shows that the time for the fricative noise is lengthened while pronouncing affricated. And some hearing-impaired students have longer voice, whereas some have shorter voice. (4) Affricates have a smaller difference between the maximum and munimum frequency of energy in the fricative noise, and the reference index for different speech parts is lowered.

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並列摘要


The study aims to explore the acoustic characteristics of Mandarin affricates pronounced by normal children and mainstreamed hearing-impaired children. The subjects of the study included 35 normal children and 16 hearing-impaired children who returned to the general classed in Taiwan City in the academic year of 1997-1998. The speech analysis software by Dr. Speech & Real Speech was used as the tool to investigate the acoustic characteristics of Mandarin affricates pronounced by normal children and hearing-impaired children as well as speech errors of affricates made by hearing-impaired children. And it is our hope that the result of this study will be used for reference in the education of hearing-impaired children and in the research on the speech of hearing-impaired children. The mail findings of this study are shown as follows:1. Acoustics characteristics of affricates pronounced by normal children: (1) Occurrence of release burst (%): 67.5%. The occurrence of release burst in retroflex is the highest in percentage. (2) Voice onset time: 20-400ms, 115ms on average. Divided into aspirated sounds and unaspirated sounds (t=11.03, p< .001). (3) Rise time of fricative noise: 0-180ms, 55ms on average, 64ms for apical-dental, 50ms for retroflex, and 52ms for alveolo-palatal. Divided into aspirated sounds and unaspirated sounds (t=6.59, p<.001). (4) Maximum frequency of energy in the fricative noise: 2381-4681 Hz, 3967 Hz on average. Minimum frequency of energy in the fricative noise: 1601-2762 Hz, 2040 Hz on average. Retroflex have the narrowest distribution range in the maximum and minimum frequency of energy in the fricative noise. (5) Pitch: 277-292 Hz. It indicates that a significant change in the pitch will not occur due to different speech methods.2.Acoustic characteristics of unclear speech and speech errors of affricates pronounced by haring-impaired children(1) The occurrence of release burst in affricates is lower in percentage, suggesting a worse accuracy in controlling the movement of the vocal tract. (2) There are a longer voice onset time and a wider distribution range of affricates. It is obvious that the voice onset time in pronouncing affricates is lengthened. Besides, some hearing-impaired students have longer voice, whereas some have too short voice, indicating a poor control of time. (3) The rise time for the fricative noise is longer, and the variation is bigger. This shows that the time for the fricative noise is lengthened while pronouncing affricated. And some hearing-impaired students have longer voice, whereas some have shorter voice. (4) Affricates have a smaller difference between the maximum and munimum frequency of energy in the fricative noise, and the reference index for different speech parts is lowered.

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被引用紀錄


周佩蓉(2013)。區分性特徵訓練對國小聽覺障礙學生國語塞擦音語音清晰度之成效〔碩士論文,國立高雄師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6817%2fNKNU.2013.00029

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