盆栽施用不同有機質肥料對土壤化學性質與茶樹生長及營養元素吸收之影響

本研究以盆栽種植一年生青心烏龍（Chin-shin Oolong）、臺茶十二號（TTES No.12）及臺茶二十號（TTES No.20）茶苗，以二種等級施肥量（肥料氮含量為慣行推薦氮用量一點五倍及三倍）施用羊糞堆肥（sheep manure compost，SMC）和菜子粕（rape seed meal，RSM），來探討其對土壤化學性質及茶樹生育之影響。結果顯示，在相同氮用量下，土壤酸鹼值、有效磷、交換性鉀、鈣、鎂含量均以羊糞堆肥處理高於菜子粕處理，而土壤中交換性鋁含量則相反，是以菜子粕處理較高，而有機質含量在各處理間則無差異。種植後十個月，茶樹地上部植體乾重及各元素吸收量均以RSM3.0處理最高，與SMC3.0處理達顯著差異。除了磷吸收量與青心烏龍及臺茶二十號之植體乾重間未達顯著相關外，其餘元素吸收量均與植體乾重呈顯著正相關。種植後兩個月，茶樹枝條和葉片全氮濃度皆以菜子粕處理顯著高於羊糞堆肥處理，但種植後十個月則相反。氮肥吸收效率在各時期均以菜子粕處理高於羊糞堆肥，以羊糞堆肥三倍氮量處理最低。種植後兩個月茶樹氮生產率以羊糞堆肥處理高於菜子粕處理，但種植後十個月情況則相反。青心烏龍和臺茶二十號種植後十個月之植體乾重均與表土pH值介於5.1至5.8時呈顯著負相關，與交換性鈣含量介於400－700 mg/kg時亦呈顯著負相關，而與交換性鋁含量小於100 mg/kg時呈顯著正相關。

關鍵字

茶樹；有機質肥料；土壤酸鹼值；土壤交換性鋁含量

並列摘要

A pot experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of two kinds of organic fertilizers (sheep manure compost and rape seed meal; SMC and RSM), with two application rates (1.5 times and 3 times of conventional recommended N rate) on the soil properties and the growth and nutrient uptake of three varieties (Chin-shin Oolong (CCOL), TTES No. 12, TTES No. 20) of tea plants. The results showed soil pH, available phosphorus, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg contents of SMC treated soil were higher than those of the RSM treated soil, but the content of exchangeable Al in SMC treated soil was lower than that of the RSM treated soil. There was no difference of soil organic matter content among the four treatments. The shoot dry weight and element uptake of plants grown under RSM3.0 treatment was the highest among all the treatments at 10 MAP (months after planting), which had significant difference with SMC3.0 treatment. Phosphorus uptake of CCOL and TTES No. 20 plants showed no significant correlation with dry weight. However, the other element uptake showed significantly positive correlation with the dry weight of plant. Total nitrogen concentration in stems and leaves of plants grown in RSM treatment plots were significantly higher than the plants grown in SMC treatment plots at 2 MAP. On contrast, total nitrogen concentration in stems and leaves of plants grown in RSM treatment plots were significantly lower than the plants grown in SMC treatment plots at 10 MAP. The nitrogen absorption efficiency of RSM treatments were higher than that of the SMC treatments during the growth stages, in which that of the SMC3.0 treatment was the lowest. NE (nitrogen efficiency; absorbed-N to produce yield) of plants grown in SMC treatments was higher than that of the plants grown under the RSM treatments at 2 MAP. On contrast, NE of plants grown in SMC treatments was lower than that of the plants grown under the RSM treatments at 10 MAP. Dry weights of CCOL and TTES No. 20 plants sampled at 10 MAP had significantly negative correlation with pH values of soil at the range form 5.1 to 5.8, had significantly negative correlated with exchangeable calcium content at the range from 400 to 700 mg/kg, and had significantly positive correlated with exchangeable aluminum content at the range from 0 to 100 mg/kg.

並列關鍵字

Tea plant ； Organic fertilizer ； Soil pH value ； Exchangeable Al content of soil

國際替代計量

盆栽施用不同有機質肥料對土壤化學性質與茶樹生長及營養元素吸收之影響

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