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Dialectal Variations on Syllable-final Nasal Mergers in Taiwan Mandarin

台灣華語音節末鼻音合流之方言變異

Abstracts


本文說明台灣華語音節末鼻音合流之方言變異:北部有/in/→[iŋ]及/əŋ/→[ən],南部則外加/iŋ/→[in]。前二者為新規則,後者則源於閩語負遷移。規則意涵似由起源、類比與說者信心度決定。/iŋ/→[in]因閩語負遷移而污名化,/əŋ/→[ən]則經類比而帶負面意涵,/in/→[iŋ]則相當正面。北部人為標準語代表,對合流語形接受度較南部人高。規則意涵與發展進程成正比。/in/→[iŋ]最接近完全音韻化,/əŋ/→[ən]次之,/iŋ/→[in]最慢。同時具/in/→[iŋ]與/iŋ/→[in]者之合流率較僅有單一規則者低。推測社會意涵衝突及認知負荷增加為主因。

Parallel abstracts


This paper reports a dialectal split in syllable-final nasal mergers between northern and southern Taiwan Mandarin: both /in/ → [iŋ] and /əŋ/ → [ən] are found in northerners' speech, while an additional /iŋ/ → [in] is reported among southerners. The former two mergers are treated as innovations while the latter is due to negative Min transfer. Rule connotation seems to be a combined result of origin, analogy, and speaker confidence. /iŋ/ → [in] is stigmatized due to Min transfer, /əŋ/ → [ən] has acquired a slight negative tang by analogy, and /in/ → [iŋ] is deemed as fairly positive. Regardless of rules, northerners, being speakers of the standard dialect, are generally more receptive to merged forms than southerners. A positive correlation is found between rule connotation and development. /in/ → [iŋ] is the closest to complete phonologization, followed by /əŋ/ → [ən], and /iŋ/ → [in], which is the least developed. Rule interaction is found in speakers that have both rules involving /i/. Those who have only one rule show higher merging rates than those who have both rules. Conflict of social connotation and increased cognitive loading are posited to be the cause.

References


Hsu, Hui-ju,Tse, John Kwock-Ping(2009).The tonal leveling of Taiwan Mandarin: a study in Taipei.Concentric: Studies in Linguistics.35(2),225-244.
Hsu, Hui-ju,Tse, John Kwock-Ping(2007).Syllable-final nasal mergers in Taiwan Mandarin- Leveled but puzzling.Concentric: Studies in Linguistics.33(1),1-18.
Boersma, Pual, and David Wennink. 2007. Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer http://www.praat.org/
Yates, Frank. 1934. Contingency table involving small numbers ans the χ2 test. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Supplement ) 1.2: 217-235.
Zhu, Zhixin (ed.) 2002. Zhongguo Tongji Nianjian-2002 [The 2002 China Statistics Yearbook]. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (In Chinese)

Cited by


劉又誠(2012)。使用支撐向量機的自發性語音語句分段〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.00294
歐愷云(2014)。台灣華語的鼻音及元音鼻化的氣流研究〔碩士論文,國立清華大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-0508201514084565
Weirong, C. (2015). Articulation and coarticulation in Taiwan Mandarin [doctoral dissertation, National Tsing Hua University]. airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-1802201617062895

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