交易成本分析法的操作性問題：以土地使用變更制度的經濟效率性比較為例

The Operational Problems of the Transaction Cost Approach: Lessons from Institutional Efficiency in Land Use Conversion

胡海豐(Hai-Feng Hu)

《建築與規劃學報》 11卷2期 (2010/09) Pp. 89-113

https://doi.org/10.30054/JAP.201009.0002

摘要

關於制度效率性的評析，其實施時「交易成本」大小的比較，一直是學術界關心的重心之一。然而，「交易成本分析法」在操作上並不是那麼容易。本文以「土地使用變更制度的經濟效率性比較」爲例，說明了：比較交易成本的分析方式，必須兼顧到市場參與者「全體」與「個人」兩種角度。以「全體」的角度而言，「交易成本分析法」需先從Marshall效率的觀點切入，比較制度對全體「總剩餘」的影響；至於從「個人」的角度，則不能忽略了「交易」的前提乃是「自願交換」，否則在應用上容易導致邏輯上的誤判。另外，在考慮「行爲人」乃是經濟行爲的主體，而「成本」是各個行爲人的「主觀」概念後，由於主觀成本判斷的困難，我們不能單純且表面地以執行制度本身所需的「交易手續成本」大小，來衡量制度所造成狀態的效率性。因此本文認爲，交易成本的比較在觀念上雖然明晰，但在實務的運用上，卻也存在著操作上的困難。

關鍵字

交易成本 ； 效率 ； 土地使用變更

並列摘要

In the evaluation of institutional efficiencies, one of the focuses of the literature has always been on comparing transaction costs. However, the transaction cost approach has not been easy to implement. By using examples based on a comparison of the efficiencies of two land use conversion systems, this paper argues that transaction costs should take market participants into consideration both ”collectively” and ”individually”. From the perspective of all individuals together, the transaction cost approach must first be based on the Marshall Efficiency criterion, so that we can judge institutional efficiency by calculating the change in the overall surplus. From the perspective of each individual, we cannot ignore the premise of catallactics, by which exchanges are processes based on voluntary agreement among persons. If we do, we might draw a wrong conclusion because of a logical error. In addition, in considering that individuals are subjects of economic behavior and that transaction costs are subjective and in turn difficult to measure, efficiency should not be compared simply by measuring the transaction fees involved in an institution. In other words, even though the idea of a transaction cost approach seems to be clear and promising, it is not operational in judging the efficiency of an institution.

並列關鍵字

efficiency ； transaction cost ； land use conversion

參考文獻

林享博、陳志偉(1999)。交易成本的分析與估算：以臺南市成功保齡球館的模擬協商爲例。住宅學報。8，21-46。

吳彩珠(2003)。土地使用開發管制對土地開發決策影響之研究。規劃學報。30，1-14。

王怡文、蕭新煌(2004)。環境爭議性公共設施的回饋制度：對核一廠、核二廠及台中火力發電廠的分析。都市與計劃。31(1)，65-90。

許秉翔(2006)。交易成本、權力不均與政治過程：對台灣工業區污染抗爭的分析。建築與城鄉研究學報。13，17-32。

陳建元(2010)。變遷的公共財理論與都市治理結構：從新古典到新制度經濟學之引介。地理學報。58，65-88。