超額教師處理機制問題之研究

依教育部統計數據顯示，隨著少子化形成的減班趨勢，將會產生不少超額教師無法超額介聘之難題，但目前各縣市的處理模式與相關規定不一，因此本文利用文獻分析蒐集各縣市政府訂定超額教師介聘作業的規定，並探討各縣市處理規範上之合理性與差異性問題，以及釐清其中是否存在侵害憲法上工作權與平等權的問題。最後，根據相關文獻探討，本文提出以下建言：一、限制基本權利規定雖然於法有據，但應符合明確性原則。二、針對縣市間不同之規定雖屬合理，但縣市內的規定不宜有所差異。三、針對超額教師處理規範之內容，在後進先出、不得提出不適任教師的限制規定，有部分違比例原則、禁止不當聯結原則之處，宜加以修正。四、贊成可以給予特殊保障，但仍應考量學習階段與專業性的教育本質考量，且須視學習階段的差異適度調整，不宜一概而論。五、教育行政機關有其必要加強宣導，甚至辦理公開說明會，俾以讓基層教師清楚，免除疑慮與不安。

關鍵字

工作權；平等權；超額教師

並列摘要

According to data in Ministry of Education, it a big problem about working rights of Surplus Teachers by Birth Rate Declination. This study focuses on discovering rules of Surplus Teachers through equal protection and working rights. After studying some papers about the theme in the past, we found that those rules about Surplus Teachers could go against the fundamental human rights and laws. The major contributions of this study are to integrate different rules in the past studies, and to clear the rationality and different in rules of cities in Taiwan. Finally, these are found to include (1) the regulations about basic rights are oriented from related bills, they should meet the principle of specificity; (2) the differences among different counties and cities are acceptable, the laws within on single county should be identical; (3) some of the regulations which violate the principle of proportion should be modified; (4) some range of security should be given with the consideration of the natures of profession and differences of learning phases; (5) it is necessary for the related authorities to hold meetings to clarify the regulations for teachers to reduce doubts and misgivings.