試以阿爾弗雷德．阿德勒「人格論」探索蘇軾〈定風波〉的心理世界

The Exploration of the Mental World within Su Shi's ＂Ting Phang Po＂ by Personality Theory from Adler

林秀蓁(Hsiu-Chen Lin)

《佛學與科學》 22卷1期 (2021/03) Pp. 23-35

摘要

蘇軾的定風波，這闋詞隱含了蘇軾在遭逢人生困境時，如何自處並調整自己的人生觀。筆者試著以阿爾弗雷德．阿德勒的心理學，仔細探究東方的詩人在面對人生逆境時如何調適，並檢視兩者間如何擦撞出契合的火花。本文用阿德勒「自卑與超越」、「社會情懷」、「目的論」、「課題分離」與「歸屬感」等論點觀察蘇軾的人格特質與〈定風波〉的心理學意義。全文分「定風波中的自卑與超越」、「定風波中的社會情懷」、「定風波中的目的論」、「定風波中的『課題分離』層次」、「定風波中的歸屬感」五大重心，可以看出蘇軾在此作品中對人生態度的轉變。蘇軾能以吟嘯徐行的態度超越自己的自卑心，找回自己並對社會付出關心，擺脫理想與現實的失落，將目光投向未來。藉由阿德勒心理學，筆者也將蘇軾〈定風波〉詞中的混亂心理課題分離出多元層次來。

關鍵字

蘇軾 ； 定風波 ； 阿德勒 ； 心理學 ； 人格論

並列摘要

Su Shi's ＂Ting Phang Po＂ implied how he became a resilient person and learnt to optimize well-being when he went through ordeals in his career life. The researcher attempts to scrutinize how an oriental poet and an occidental psychologist emit sparks when it comes to face life predicaments. The arguments of ＂inferiority and transcendence,＂ ＂community feelings,＂ ＂teleology,＂ ＂separation problem,＂ and ＂belongingness＂ are utilized to observe the personalities of Su Shi and the psychological meaning of ＂Ting Phang Po.＂ Within entire paper, five items are focused on ＂the inferiority and transcendence of Ting Phang Po,＂ ＂the community feelings of Ting Phang Po,＂ ＂the teleology of Ting Phang Po,＂ ＂the levels of separation problem of Ting Phang Po,＂ and ＂the belongingness of Ting Phang Po＂ to discuss and perceive the shift of mindset in Su Shi's life. Su Shi surmounted his inferiority complex that we can ferret it out from his text in which he made a poem sing out loud while strolling in the rain. He retrieved his concerns for societies, shook off the paradox of inhabiting a fluid life in a rigid world, and completely changed his outlook on life. By using the psychological arguments of Adler, the chaos of mental issue in ＂Ting Phang Po＂ are also separated into multiply levels.

並列關鍵字

Su Shi ； Ting Phang Po ； Alfred Adler ； Psychology