世界古代性學史（公元前3000-公元1492年）古希臘、古羅馬、古埃及之性學發現與發明

由於歷史的偏見，性常常被看成是污穢的、不可告人之事，以致這一重要文化遭到扭曲、塵封。問起多數人，我們很容易就認為20世紀的60年代是最早開發性的時代，然而常常被我們認為是現代的發明，其實祖先老早就已發現及發明。藉由相關文獻的回顧，喚起我們對老祖先智慧結晶的讚嘆，也為老祖先所傳承下來部分錯誤的觀念與現代科學作一番修正、檢視。在此文本中，性愛發現之旅包含性功能障礙、因割禮對血友病的認識、胚胎性別的爭論、遺傳學、優生學、同性戀、嚴格的性行為規範、墮胎、性病、性學論述。性愛發明之驚艷包含性交姿勢、避孕、驗孕劑、春藥、接吻、化妝品、淋浴設備、香水、健身房、衣飾、最古老的妓院路標、最古老的圖畫目錄、時鐘、召妓代幣、世界第一家銀行、貞操帶。許多性學歷史的演變從現代人權、醫學、科學觀點看來或許是驚艷、荒誕，但也因為歷代對「性」有這麼多的論述、推廣，甚至加以禁止，反而更能體現「性」在社會中具有莫大的影響力，也是人生必須碰觸到的課題。屏除成見，加入更多寬容與積極，性學的境界方能提升。

關鍵字

性學；性學史；古代；發現；發明

並列摘要

Because of historical prejudice, sex is often considered to be filthy and can't be talked about in public. So this crucial culture has always been distorted and sealed for a long time. It's easy for us to think the early 60's in the 20th century was the earliest times when sex was explored as we ask the majority of people. Therefore, ”sex” was thought to be a modern invention. In fact, our ancestors have discovered and invented it at a early age. On one hand, Through the review of previous related documents, our admiration for the wisdom of our ancestors was arisen. On the other hand, by means of modern science, we have the opportunity to investigate and correct some errors inherited from our ancestors. In this article, the discoveries of human sexuality include sexual dysfunctions, knowledge of hemophilia from circumcision, arguments on embryo's gender, genetics, eugenics, homosexuality, puritanical norms of sexual behaviors, abortion, venereal disease, and treatises on sexology. The invention of sexuality includes the positions of sexual intercourse, contraception, pregnant testing, aphrodisiacs, kissing, cosmetics, equipments of shower, perfume, gymnasium, clothes and ornaments, the oldest signpost of brothel, the oldest catalog of paintings, clock, payment tokens for prostitutes, the earliest bank of the world, and chastity belt. Many evolutions in the history of sexology, from the points of modern human rights, medicine and science, may be unbelievable even absurd. Yet, there have been so many relations, encouragements, even prohibitions about sex for generations that ”sex” appears to have a great influence on the society, and it must be touched upon in our life. By getting rid of our prejudice and adding more tolerance and positive attitude can the boundary of sexology be elevated.