Studies of educational psychology apply statistical modeling techniques to explore the test data, and to establish the relationships among the latent variables. The IRT model can reproduce data by the given parameters if the assumption is met. Besides, IRT as a model-based method can detect the individuals inadequately measured by a test. An introduction to person-fit statistics Z1 is provided. The purpose of this study was to find the factors, including types of aberrant response patterns, the number of items, and item parameters, which influence the null distribution of Z1. A simulation study and true data were conducted to investigate the Type I error and the detection rates of Z1. Finally, the results, limitations, and suggestion are discussed.