「預期演奏焦慮量表」及「臨場演奏焦慮量表」之編製研究

本研究擬編製高中及大學音樂主修學生適用之演奏焦慮量表，包含準備期的「預期演奏焦慮量表」及臨上台前的「臨場演奏焦慮量表」，樣本共500 人。「預期演奏焦慮量表」共21題，內部一致性.94，三因素為：「對演奏能力及表現的擔憂」、「焦慮的生理及心理反應」與「對演奏現場及過程的擔憂」，分別可解釋變異量為43.43%、6.65%、5.35%，總體可解釋變異量為55.43%。「臨場演奏焦慮量表」共14題，內部一致性.93，兩因素為：「生理焦慮」及「臨場擔憂」，分別可解釋變異量為51.38%、11.24%，總體可解釋變異量為62.62%。大學音樂系學生與高中音樂班學生的預期演奏焦慮沒有顯著差異，高中與大學音樂主修學生的演奏焦慮無顯著差異，唯大學音樂系學生「對演奏現場及過程的擔憂」顯著高於高中音樂班學生（t = 2.75，p ＜ .01），高中與大學學生的臨場演奏焦慮總分無顯著差異。本研究建議，未來可發展職業演奏家的焦慮量表及演奏焦慮行為檢核表，與測量臉部肌肉及肢體動作等焦慮反應的生理量測法，及研發認知改善策略，以降低大學音樂系學生「對演奏現場及過程的擔憂」。

關鍵字

年輕音樂家；音樂演奏焦慮；評量；預期演奏焦慮；臨場演奏焦慮

並列摘要

In this study music performance anxiety (MPA) inventories including Anticipatory Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (AMPAI) of preparation period and Stage Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (SMPAI) of stage performance period were developed and tested on 500 high school and college music major students. AMPAI has 21 items with excellent internal consistency Cronbach's α .94. The factor analysis showed three factors including ＂worry about capability and achievement of performance＂, ＂physiological and psychological symptoms of anxiety＂, and ＂worry about environment and process of performance＂ with explained variance 43.43%, 6.65% and 5.35% respectively, and total explained variance was 55.43%. SMPAI has 14 items with excellent internal consistency Cronbach's .α 93. The factor analysis showed two factors including ＂physiological symptoms of anxiety＂ and ＂stage worry＂ with explained variance 51.38% and 11.24%, and total explained variance was 62.62%. There was no significant difference of AMPAI between high school and college music major students, however in AMPAI the subscore ＂worry about environment and process of performance＂ of music major college students was significant higher than that of high school students（t = 2.75, p ＜ .01）. There was no significant difference of SMPAI between high school and college music major students. In future prospect, we suggest to develop a standard music performance anxiety inventory and a checklist of music performance anxiety behavior for professional music performers, physiological measurements of face muscle and body movement related to anxiety reaction, and strategies of cognitive behavior intervention to reduce ＂worry about environment and process of performance＂ among music major college students.

並列關鍵字

anticipatory music performance anxiety ； assessment ； music performance anxiety ； stage music performance anxiety ； young musicians

參考文獻

陳婉真(2006)。「試前準備期與考試當下焦慮量表」編製之研究。測驗學刊。53(2)，181-204。

American Psychiatric Association [APA] (2013). Highlights of changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5. Retrieved December 20, 2013, from http://www.dsm5.org/documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf

Google Scholar

Barbar, A. E. M.,de Souza Crippa, J. A.,de Lima Osório, F.(2014).Performance anxiety in Brazilian musicians: Prevalence and association with psychopathology indicators.Journal of Affective Disorders.152-154,381-386.