國家權力形構與華文學校課程改革－戰後新加坡及香港的個案比較

本文以霸權及國家權力形構兩概念比較二次大戰後新加坡及香港政府的華文學校課程改革。二次大戰前新、港兩地的華校都採用中國國民政府的課程，散播中國為中心的世界觀。二次大戰後政治情況的改變迫使兩地政府改革華校課程。新加坡在戰後開始去殖民化，統治者急需建立本地爲中心的身份認同，以及把華人與其他族群融合。因此政府以去華化(de-Sinicization)的手段改革華校課程，目的是消除中國為中心的思想，減低華人與其他族群的文化差異。這政策引起華人的反感。香港政府在戰後亦要改革華校課程，以减低中共及台灣國民黨政府的影響。然而因為香港是單一族群的社會，統治者沒有受到其他族群的掣肘，因此可以去國族化(denationalization)的手段把華人文化吸納並改造成有利於殖民統治。

關鍵字

國家理論；霸權；課程改革；新加坡；香港

並列摘要

Using the concepts of hegemony and state formation, this paper compares Chinese school curriculum reforms in postwar Singapore and Hong Kong. Before WWII, Chinese schools in both Singapore and Hong Kong followed the curriculum of the Nationalist government in China and spread China-centered worldview. After the war, Singapore launched the process of decolonization, the ruling regime sought to construct a Singapore-oriented identity and integrate the local Chinese with other ethnic communities. As a result, the government was eager to dilute the cultural distinctiveness of the Chinese people, it reformed curriculum of Chinese school by the strategy of de-Sinicization. This approach, perceived as a conspiracy to destroy Chinese culture, provoked tough opposition from the Chinese community. In postwar Hong Kong, ruling elites of the colonial regime wished to curb the influences from Beijing and Taipei-two rival Chinese governments-on Chinese schools in local setting. However, as Hong Kong was basically a monoracial Chinese society, actions of the government were not circumscribed by pressure from other racial group. As a result, the government reformed Chinese schools by the strategy of de-nationalization, which means incorporating Chinese culture as part of the official curriculum and remaking it into a form that helps consolidate colonial rule.

並列關鍵字

state theory ； hegemony ； curriculum reform ； Singapore ； Hong kong

參考文獻

(1953).Report of the Chinese Studies Committee.Hong Kong Education Department.

Google Scholar

(1963).Report of Education Commission.Hong Kong:Government Printer.

Google Scholar

(1952).(The Dråft Agreement attached to Memorandum from Member for Education on Chinese Textbooks, Executive Council Paper No 10/10/52 and Extract from Federation of Malaya, Say. 2064, Both in CO 1022/285).