學院衝突－德希達對康德的大學責任之新回應

The Conflict of the Faculty: A New Responsibility of Derrida to Kant's Vision of University Responsibility

周平(Ping Chou)

《教育與社會研究》 10期 (2006/01) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.6429/FES.200601.0001

摘要

為了開啓對當代高等教育的解構分析，德希達(Derrida)企圖重新閱讀兩百年前康德的著作。他透過康德所發表之「學院的衝突」一書，對大學哲學學院學術自主性之探討來重新思考當代大學的新責任問題。德希達將康德所提的問題重新放置在當代西方大學的情境和結構脈絡中，他不認為康德將大學以二元對立的方式，區分為可被國家律法所介入的應用性高等學院和應維持自主性的哲學低等學院兩種是可行的。事實上，大學的學術自律性早已為國家律法或市場的他律邏輯所滲透而渾然不知。此外，德希達無法接受康德試圖調和學院衝突，並將之框限在大學之內不讓它進入公共領域的論點。將學術自主和自由侷限在大學一隅的結果，恐怕會讓哲學更處於邊緣位置，理性的作用反而失去其社會、政治的作用。他認為大學的新責任是，大學應處在反抗和不受任何外在確定性律法所束縛的策略位置中。它不但要在校園內反抗，也要打破校園內外界分的錯覺，並對政治、經濟與文化結構持有一個不受妥協的立場。德希達主張，哲學必須走出象牙塔、進入公民的社會政治實踐之中。換言之，學術工作必須與倫理－政治上的責任承擔合流，跨出形式化的知識次序的框限。

關鍵字

大學 ； 德希達 ； 康德 ； 解構 ； 學院衝突 ； 責任

並列摘要

In order to open up a deconstructionist analysis of the contemporary higher education, Derrida attempts to reread Kant's work published two hundred years ago. Through the reading of Kant's work, The Conflict of the Faculties, which addressed the academic autonomy of the philosophy faculty, Derrida reconsidered the new responsibility of contemporary university. By putting Kantian question in the situational and structural context of contemporary western university, Derrida disagreed with Kant's dichotomizing framework of universities, in which universities are divided into application-oriented higher faculty that can be intervened by state law on the one hand, and the autonomous philosophy of lower faculty on the other. In fact, the academic autonomy of today's university has already been infiltrated by the logic of heteronomy by the state law or market. Moreover, Derrida could not accept Kant's attempt to harmonize the conflict between faculties and keeping it within university rather than public sphere. Limiting academic autonomy and freedom within university would marginalize philosophy and thereby be unable to find the social and political weight of reason. To him, the new responsibility of university is to situate itself on the strategic position of resistance that keeps itself away from the constraint of the certainty law. It is not only the resistance within campus but also the breaking away the illusion of the division of inside and outside of campus, and thus, to take an irreconcilable position to politics, economy and cultural structure. As Derrida points out, philosophy should get itself out of the ivory tower and enter into the social-political practice of civil society. In other words, the academic endeavor must be in conjunction with the ethical-political responsibility and commitment and overcome the limitation of the formalized order of knowledge hierarchy.

並列關鍵字

University ； Derrida ； Kant ； Deconstruction ； The Conflict of the Faculty ； Responsibility

參考文獻

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