私立學校在我國教育體制中佔有重要的地位,而且越高階段的教育,對私立學校的依賴就越重。這主要是由於我國過去教育經費不足,因此依賴私人興學提供各級教育的就學機會。並且,在特殊的戒嚴體制下,和人興學成為一種特許,黨政關係越好者,可以興辦越高階段的私立學校。我國的高等教育即是高度依賴私人興學,但卻又是問題重重。 在國外,尤其是美國,私人興學和教會有密切關係。教會創立大學,最初是為了培養神職人員,具有宗教上的目的。但在台灣,由於民國初年以來的特殊歷史經驗,使得後來政府的和人興學政策採取「去宗教化」的取向,可能間接造成宗教團體對私人興學的低度參與。台灣的私立學校因而多半可能是由不具有使命,而以獲利為動機者所創辦。尤其私人興學遭受凍結,興辦和立學校相對上成為高利潤的「事業」。 自從七+年代逐漸開放私人設立大學以來,終於形成目前私立大學林立的局面。開放私人興學的主張背後,即隱含了市場化論述。而當前教育部所推出的「退場機制」政策,更是意味著將要透過市場競爭,淘汰經營不佳之私立學校。但台灣的高等教育從過去「私有化但非市場化」到目前強調市場競爭,其間有何問題存在?本文的主要問題意識即在於質疑以上這種市場競爭的觀念,探討並試著回答以下問題: 1.台灣的和立學校體制是怎樣的一種體制? 2.這種和立學校體制是如何形成的? 3.這種體制和我們所見到的各種和立學校經營上的問題有何關連? 4.這樣的私校體制對於日復的經營,以及目前所談論的高等教育「退場機制」產生怎樣的影響?
The private schools had an important status in Taiwan's education. The private school was the major provider of education in the decades of scarce educational expenditure. The foundation of private school was a charter of government. There is privatization but not competitive market in Taiwan's education, especially in the higher stage of education. Lack of strong support of church and real NPO organization, the private schools became a profitable ”enterprise”. Since the education reform of 1990s, the discourse of market competition has been explored to resolve the problem of the charter of private university. Now the discourse of market competition is used by the government to resolve the problem of too many private universities. But the discourse of market competition is doubted in this paper. And four topics are explored: 1. What is the regime of the private schools? 2. How is it formed? 3. What is the relationship between the regime of private school and the operation of them? 4. Can the market competition be a solution for the problem about private university?
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