不同土壤質地及深度對格氏突闊小蜂寄生東方果實蠅之影響

The Effect of Soil Texture and Depth on the Parasitism by ＂Dirhinus giffardii＂ Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on the Oriental Fruit Fly

吳怡慧(Yi-Hui Wu) ； 黃勝泉(Sheng-Chuan Huang) ； 章加寶(Chia-Pao Chang) ； 莊益源(Yi-Yuan Chuang)

《台灣昆蟲》 34卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 1-10

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2014001

摘要

格氏突闊小蜂（Dirhinus giffardii Silvestri）為東方果實蠅（Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)）蛹期的寄生性天敵，本試驗模擬田間情形，在實驗室內將東方果實蠅蛹體埋於不同質地土壤及不同深度中，探討格氏突闊小蜂在各種土壤環境下的寄生能力。試驗結果顯示土壤質地影響此寄生蜂成功寄生之數量，以在黏壤土内最多，為無覆土處理對照組之64.3%，較在壤土、砂壤土及砂土等其它土壤質地之寄生率顯著為高。將果實蠅蛹體分別放置在不同黏壤土深度進行測試時，寄生效能較無影響，平均每一雌寄生蜂在試驗期間對於放置於1、3及5 cm的果實蠅蛹體可成功寄生的數量最多，羽化的寄生蜂數量分別為13.0、13.5及11.8隻，對此三種土壤深度間的寄生無顯著差異，甚至可深入10 cm處成功寄生。但在壤土、砂壤土及砂土等三種土壤內，均在1 cm土壤深度之果實蠅蛹體時寄生的數量較多，平均每一雌寄生蜂累計羽化的寄生蜂數量分別為6.1、4.7及0.6隻。本試驗結果可供作評估不同果園土壤質地是否適用格氏突闊小蜂進行東方果實蠅生物防治之參考。

關鍵字

格氏突闊小蜂 ； 東方果實蠅 ； 土壤質地 ； 土壤深度 ； 寄生情形

並列摘要

＂Dirhinus giffardii＂ Silvestri is a pupal parasitoid of the oriental fruit fly, ＂Bactrocera dorsalis＂ (Hendel). Field-simulation experiments were conducted in the laboratory to compare the effect of different textured soils and depths on the parasitism by ＂D. giffardii＂ on ＂B. dorsalis＂ pupae. The results showed a markedly higher parasitism in clay loam, reaching ca. 64.3%, compared to the control group which had no soil cover. This rate of parasitism differed significantly from with the rates under loam, sandy loam or sand covered conditions. When fruit fly pupae were artificially buried at various depths to test the level of parasitism, the clay loam cover did not affect the parasitism of ＂D. giffardii＂. The average numbers of successfully parasitized pupae by a female at the depths of 1, 3 or 5 cm were 13.0, 13.5, and 11.8, respectively, with no significant difference between the various depths in the clay loam soil texture. Although successful parasitism occurred in clay loam at a soil depth up to 10 cm, the highest level of parasitism was found at a depth of 1 cm in loam, sandy loam, or sand, with the mean number of parasitoids emerging being 6.1, 4.7 and 0.6, respectively. Therefore, our results could be significant for assessing the soil profiles in the orchards to determine whether or not ＂D. giffardii＂ would be useful for biological control of the oriental fruit fly.

並列關鍵字

＂Dirhinus giffardii＂ ； Bactrocera dorsalis ； soil texture ； soil depth ； pupal parasitoid