Calls for reforms in schools have led principals to play an increasingly important role as leaders to improve school effectiveness. Previous researches also indicated a close relationship between leadership and school effectiveness, with a particular focus on transformational leadership in recent years. Yet, a review of transformational leadership literature in Taiwanese schools has shown a lack of comprehensive analyses of existing studies. Thus, this paper seeks to further explore the connection between transformational leadership and school effectiveness in Taiwanese schools through a analysis of 46 theses (7 doctoral, 39 masters), published between 1996 and 2010. The purpose of this study is to understand the existing research during the period and to provide suggestions for future studies.