英國社區新政對台灣社區工作的啟示與借鏡：社區治理觀點的分析

Implications and Lessons of the New Deal for Communities in England for Taiwan's Community Work-Perspective of Community Governance

黃源協(Yuan-Shie Hwang) ； 劉素珍(Su-Jen Liu) ； 蕭文高(Wen-Kao Hsiao)

《臺大社會工作學刊》 23期 (2011/06) Pp. 1-45

https://doi.org/10.6171/ntuswr2011.23.01

摘要

本文旨在由社區治理的觀點，探究英國「社區新政」的內涵、實施策略及運作模式，並依據相關的評估報告檢視其實施成效及遭遇的困境。在分析台灣社區政策的內涵與實施經驗後，本文從英國社區新政的實施經驗，歸納出可供台灣社區工作的啟示與借鏡，啟示方面包括：(1)社區定義與範圍的再思考；(2)政府角色與功能的再調整；(3)社區居民之公民角色的發揮；(4)貧困社區之機會公平的保障；(5)以「實證」為基礎的社區方案；(6)建構政策實踐的統合機制；(7)檢視社區發展與社區營造的績效。借鏡方面包括：(1)伙伴關係經營不善難以成就社區的發展；(2)社區發展工作不宜過度倚重重要「個人」；(3)社區所遭遇的問題並非樣樣皆適合由社區層次做介入；(4)難解的社區衝突將不利於社區的發展；(5)穩定且長期的財政支出不必然能讓社區邁向永續。

關鍵字

社區新政 ； 社區治理 ； 社區發展 ； 社區營造

並列摘要

In England, when the New Labour came into the power in 1997, communities and neighbourhoods were full of problems of unemployment, education failure and crime. To cope with these problems, the Labour Government proposed the new community programme, New Deal for Communities (NDC). The NDC intended to solve the difficulties faced the deprived areas and to alleviate the phenomenon of social exclusion. For the past decade, the reports of the NDC evaluation have been published in succession. This paper aims to discover the contents, strategies and operational model of the NDC from the perspective of community governance. After analyzing the contents and reflecting the experiences of community work in Taiwan, this paper concluded some implications and lessons of the NDC experiences for future Taiwan’s community work. The implications include: (1) Rethinking the community definition and range; (2) Readjusting the government's role and function; (3) Elaborating the role of citizen of community residents; (4) Protecting equal opportunity for deprived communities; (5) Promoting the evidence-based community projects (6) Constructing an integrated mechanism for policy implementation; and (7) Reviewing the performance of community development and community building. The lessons include: (1) Poor management for partnership cannot achieve better community development; (2) Community development work is unsuitable to overly rely on significant individual; (3) Community problems cannot be solved entirely only by intervention through community level; (4) Community conflict which is hard to solve will be harmful to community development; and (5) Stable and long-term financial expenditure is not guaranteed to sustainable community development.

並列關鍵字

The New Deal for Communities ； community governance ； community development ； community building

參考文獻

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